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arXiv:quant-ph/0602087

A quantum secret ballot

Shahar Dolev, Itamar Pitowsky, Boaz Tamir

Published Feb 9, 2006• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The paper concerns the protection of the secrecy of ballots, so that the identity of the voters cannot be matched with their vote. To achieve this we use an entangled quantum state to represent the ballots. Each ballot includes the identity of the voter, explicitly marked on the "envelope" containing it. Measuring the content of the envelope yields a random number which reveals no information about the vote. However, the outcome of the elections can be unambiguously decided after adding the random numbers from all envelopes. We consider a few versions of the protocol and their complexity of implementation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0602087

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The paper concerns the protection of the secrecy of ballots, so that the identity of the voters cannot be matched with their vote. To achieve this we use an entangled quantum state to represent the ballots. Each ballot includes the identity of the voter, explicitly marked on the "envelope" containing it. Measuring the content of the envelope yields a random number which reveals no information about the vote. However, the outcome of the elections can be unambiguously decided after adding the random numbers from all envelopes. We consider a few versions of the protocol and their complexity of implementation.
We present an unconditionally secure quantum election scheme, which based on a distributed scheme to ensure the privacy of the voters. The voting administrator is made up by two parties who cannot cooperate within a certain period of time, and we use an”identity exchange”scheme to conceal the identity of voters. While the election is completed, nobody except the voter himself can match him with his ballot even if the administrator and the counter collaborate up to do so. The scheme can also work well with noisy and lossy quantum channels.
A series of quantum voting protocols of continuous variables is proposed. Three methods are employed to ensure that the quantum voting obeys some desirable rules. Entanglement is used to keep voters away from the voting results. We enable voters to operate identically to represent the same vote to prevent the tallyman from gaining information about individual voters. We also propose an effective scheme to prevent voters from voting more than once. In both two-valued and multivalued ballot protocols, several specific constraints are set to meet the rules.
We describe a quantum voting scheme in which a ballot is an unknown quantum state for a voter.Such a ballot is hard to forge because it is difficult in principle to make a copy of an unknown quantum state.Moreover, our quantum voting scheme guarantees anonymity because the ballot can be randomized by voters.We also describe a distributed variant of our scheme that is robust against a dishonest administrator.This scheme should remain usable in the coming era of quantum computers, which are expected to break most existing cryptographic schemes.
Electronic voting is a very useful but challenging internet-based protocol that despite many theoretical approaches and various implementations with different degrees of success, remains a contentious topic due to issues in reliability and security. Here we present a quantum protocol that exploits an untrusted source of multipartite entanglement to carry out an election without relying on election authorities, simultaneous broadcasting, or computational assumptions, and whose result is publicly verifiable. The level of security depends directly on the fidelity of the shared multipartite entangled quantum state, and the protocol can be readily implemented for a few voters with state-of-the-art photonic technology.
We proposed a novel quantum distributed ballot scheme using swapping quantum entanglement of Bell states. The entanglement is distributed over separated voter's sites; physical inaccessibility of any one site is sufficient to guarantee the anonymity of the votes. The ballot information is encoded by local operations performed on the particles of entangled EPR states, which ensures the security present scheme. The checking phase is designed in detail based on entanglement swapping. The security of these protocols with respect to various kinds of attack is discussed.
Electronic voting is a very useful but challenging internet-based protocol that despite many theoretical approaches and various implementations with different degrees of success, remains a contentious topic due to issues in reliability and security. Here we present a quantum protocol that exploits an untrusted source of multipartite entanglement to carry out an election without relying on election authorities, simultaneous broadcasting or computational assumptions, and whose result is publicly verifiable. The level of security depends directly on the fidelity of the shared multipartite entangled quantum state, and the protocol can be readily implemented for a few voters with state-of-the-art photonic technology.