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arXiv:quant-ph/0512059 · Quantum Information Processing

Dephasing of Quantum Bits by a Quasi-Static Mesoscopic Environment

Jacob M. Taylor, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published Aug 28, 2006• 33 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11128-006-0036-z

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Abstract Quantum heat engines (QHEs) are commonly believed to achieve their optimal efficiency only when operated quasi-statically. When running at finite power, however, they suffer effective friction due to the generation of coherences and transitions between energy eigenstates. It was noted that it is possible to increase the power of a QHE using external control schemes or suitable dephasing noise. Here, we investigate the thermodynamic cost associated with dephasing noise schemes using both numerical and analytical methods. Our findings unveil that the observed gain in power is generally not free of thermodynamic costs, as it involves energy costs of the control fields or heat flows between thermal and dephasing baths. These contributions must be duly accounted for when determining the engine’s overall efficiency. We identify suitable regimes in which, at a fixed effective dephasing rate, the heat leaked into the explicitly modelled dephasing bath can be made arbitrarily small, so that the efficiency at finite power approaches that of a quasi-statically operated Otto engine even when the dephasing environment is fully accounted for.
We investigate low-temperature dephasing in several model systems, where a quantum degree of freedom is coupled to a bath.Dephasing, defined as the decay of the coherence of inital non-equilibrium states, also influences the dynamics of equilibrium correlation and response functions, as well as static interference effects.In particular in the latter case dephasing should be distinguished from renormalization effects.For illustration, and because of its relevance for quantum state engineering in dissipative environments, we first reconsider dephasing in spinboson models.Next we review Caldeira-Leggett models, with applications, e.g., to persistent currents in mesoscopic rings.Then, we analyze the more general problem of a particle which interacts with a quantum field V (t, r(t)), the fluctuations of which are characterized by a dielectric function (ω, k).Finally, we compare this model, both the formulation as well as the results, to the problem of interacting electrons in a diffusive conductor.