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arXiv:quant-ph/0512023 · Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Characterization of Single Photons Using Two-Photon Interference

Thomas Legero, Tatjana Wilk, Axel Kuhn, Gerhard Rempe

Published Jan 1, 2006• 57 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/s1049-250x(06)53009-5

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Measuring the phase stability of single photons is essential for evaluating performance in various phase-based quantum applications, yet systematic methodologies for quantitative characterization remain underexplored. In this work, we numerically demonstrate that time-resolved two-photon interference can be effectively utilized to estimate the phase noise of single photons. Our simulations reveal that as phase noise increases, the interference visibility decreases, causing the joint detection probability to approach the non-interfering classical envelope. Furthermore, we verify that the power spectral density (PSD) of the phase noise can be reconstructed using a derived mathematical relationship. This approach establishes a direct quantitative link between measurable interference patterns and the underlying statistical phase fluctuations. This method provides a practical framework for characterizing single-photon phase stability, offering significant potential for enhancing quantum technologies such as quantum key distribution and sensing.
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We present a spectral characterization of two-photon nonclassical interference on a beam splitter (BS) between a weak coherent state source and another source, which emits a phase-randomized weak coherent state, a single-photon state, or a thermal state. Besides spectral characteristics, the average photon number ratio in a given time interval is also considered in our model. The two-photon coincidence probability of two outputs of the BS is numerically calculated with spectral bandwidth ratio and average photon number ratio. Furthermore, the noise of the detection system is taken into account. This also indicates that two-photon interference is able to significantly improve by subtracting two-photon contributions from the input state. All these parameters have a close relation to a real experiment performance and the results may pave new avenues for quantum information technology when two-photon interference between independent sources is necessary.