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arXiv:quant-ph/0511130 · Physics Letters A

Quantum key distribution without alternative measurements and rotations

Fei Gao, Fen-Zhuo Guo, Qiaoyan Wen, Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Sep 17, 2005• 67 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2005.09.012

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A quantum key distribution and identification protocol is proposed, which is based on entanglement swapping. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping, identify each other and obtain the secure key according to the measurement results. Because the two particles measured together are selected out randomly, we need neither alternative measurements nor rotation of the Bell states. Furthermore, less Bell measurements are needed in our protocol than in the previous similar ones.
We present two polarization-based protocols for quantum key distribution. The protocols encode key bits in noiseless subspaces or subsystems and so can function over a quantum channel subjected to an arbitrary degree of collective noise, as occurs, for instance, due to rotation of polarizations in an optical fiber. These protocols can be implemented using only entangled photon-pair sources, single-photon rotations, and single-photon detectors. Thus, our proposals offer practical and realistic alternatives to existing schemes for quantum key distribution over optical fibers without resorting to interferometry or two-way quantum communication, thereby circumventing, respectively, the need for high precision timing and the threat of Trojan horse attacks.
The original measurement of device-independent(MDI)quantum key distribution(QKD) is reviewed, and a modified protocol using rotation-invariant photonic state is proposed. Initial encoding and final decoding of information in our MDI-QKD implementation protocol can be conveniently performed in the polarization space, while the transmission is done in the rotation-invariant hybrid space. Our analysis indicates that both the secure key rate and transmission distance can be improved by our modified protocol owing to its lower error rate. Furthermore, our hybrid polarization-OAM qubits approach only needs to insert four q-plates in a practical experiment, and our simulation results show that the modified protocol is practical.