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arXiv:quant-ph/0510226 · Physical Review A

Robust gates for holonomic quantum computation

Giuseppe Florio, Paolo Facchi A, Rosario Fazio, Vittorio Giovannetti, Saverio Pascazio

Published Feb 17, 2006• 59 citations
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Abstract

Non-Abelian geometric phases are attracting increasing interest because of possible experimental application in quantum computation. We study the effects of the environment (modeled as an ensemble of harmonic oscillators) on a holonomic transformation and write the corresponding master equation. The solution is analytically and numerically investigated and the behavior of the fidelity analyzed: fidelity revivals are observed and an optimal finite operation time is determined at which the gate is most robust against noise.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.022327

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Non-Abelian geometric phases are attracting increasing interest because of possible experimental application in quantum computation. We study the effects of the environment (modeled as an ensemble of harmonic oscillators) on a holonomic transformation and write the corresponding master equation. The solution is analytically and numerically investigated and the behavior of the fidelity analyzed: fidelity revivals are observed and an optimal finite operation time is determined at which the gate is most robust against noise.
Geometric phases are an interesting field of research in quantum mechanics. Recently both abelian and nonabelian geometric phases have been proposed as a useful resource for the experimental implementation of quantum computation. In this paper we focus on a particular physical model and study the effect of a bosonic bath on a class of holonomic transformations. We write a general master equation for time-dependent Hamiltonians and derive analytical and numerical solutions for the system considered. The fidelity is analyzed in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic regime. We also determine an optimal finite operation time for this class of gates.
Besides standard dynamical schemes to realize a quantum computer, there are particular approaches which are based on intrinsic properties of quantum systems, leading to the definition of topological computation and holonomic, or geometric, computation. The holonomic approach can be viewed as the application of non-Abelian geometric phases to quantum information processing, it is believed to be fault-tolerant with respect of certain kind of parametric noise. Here we discuss the issue of robustness of holonomic quantum gates under parametric noise: we distinguish between geometric and dynamical effects of cancelation, which can appear in different contexts. A so-called standard argument in favor of the stability of noisy holonomic quantum gates is reviewed and extended to more general settings. New geometric effects that describe the behavior of noisy holonomic gates are presented. These effects lead to a refining of the optimal strategy to achieve a robust computation.
We present a numerical study of the robustness of a specific class of non-Abelian holonomic quantum gates. We take into account the parametric noise due to stochastic fluctuations of the control fields which drive the time-dependent Hamiltonian along an adiabatic loop. The performance estimator used is the state fidelity between noiseless and noisy holonomic gates. We carry over our analysis with different correlation times and we find out that noisy holonomic gates seem to be close to the noiseless ones for ``short'' and ``long'' noise correlation times. This result can be interpreted as a consequence of the geometric nature of the holonomic operator. Our simulations have been performed by using parameters relevant to the excitonic proposal for the implementation of holonomic quantum computation [P. Solinas et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 121307 (2003)].
Holonomic gates for quantum computation are commonly considered to be robust against certain kinds of parametric noise, the cause of this robustness being the geometric character of the transformation achieved in the adiabatic limit. On the other hand, the effects of decoherence are expected to become more and more relevant when the adiabatic limit is approached. Starting from the system described by Florio et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 022327 (2006)], here we discuss the behavior of nonideal holonomic gates at finite operational time, i.e., long before the adiabatic limit is reached. We have considered several models of parametric noise and studied the robustness of finite-time gates. The results obtained suggest that the finite-time gates present some effects of cancellation of the perturbations introduced by the noise which mimic the geometrical cancellation effect of standard holonomic gates. Nevertheless, a careful analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that these effects are related to a dynamical instead of a geometrical feature.
Geometric and holonomic quantum gates perform transformations that only dependon the geometry of a loop covered by the parameters controlling the gate. Thesegates require adiabatic time evolution, which is achieved in the limit when the looptakes infinite time to complete. However, it is of interest to also know thetransformation properties of the gates for finite run times. It has been shown [Phys.Rev. A 73, 022327 (2006)] that some holonomic gates for a trapped ion system showrevival structures, i.e., for some finite run time the gate performs the sametransformation as it does in the adiabatic limit. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if similar revival structures are shown alsofor geometric and holonomic quantum gates for spin systems. To study geometricquantum gates an NMR setup for spin-1/2 particles is used, while an NQR setup forspin-3/2 particles is used to study holonomic quantum gates. Furthermore, for thegeometric quantum gates the impact of some open system effects are examined byusing the quantum jump approach. The non-adiabatic time evolution operators of thesystems are calculated and compared to the corresponding adiabatic time evolutionoperators by computing their operator fidelity. The operator fidelity ranges between0 and 1, where 1 means that the gates are identical up to an unimportant phasefactor. All gates show an oscillating dependency on the run time, and some Abeliangates even show true revivals, i.e., the operator fidelity reaches 1.