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arXiv:quant-ph/0509118

Quantum computing (Kwantumberekening)

Willem L. Fouché, Johannes Heidema, P. H. Potgieter

Published Sep 18, 2005• 0 citations
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Abstract

There has been no lack of coverage in the past few years in scientific journals of the topic of quantum computation. Rightly so, as this is a novel idea with--so far--at least one very important practical application (prime factorisation) as soon as the technology can accommodate reasonably sized computations. Interest in quantum computing has been sparked by both the realization that increasing miniaturisation will eventually bring computer scientists face-to-face with quantum effects, and by the grasping of the potential for massive parallelism inherent in the Hilbert space representation of quantum systems and in the special effects of quantum entanglement.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0509118

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There has been no lack of coverage in the past few years in scientific journals of the topic of quantum computation. Rightly so, as this is a novel idea with--so far--at least one very important practical application (prime factorisation) as soon as the technology can accommodate reasonably sized computations. Interest in quantum computing has been sparked by both the realization that increasing miniaturisation will eventually bring computer scientists face-to-face with quantum effects, and by the grasping of the potential for massive parallelism inherent in the Hilbert space representation of quantum systems and in the special effects of quantum entanglement.
Daar is geen gebrek aan dekking in die laaste paar jaar in wetenskaplike joernale van die onderwerp van kwantumberekening nie. Tereg ook, want dit is ’n nuwe idee met—tot sover—minstens ´ e´ en baie belangrike praktiese toepassing (ontbinding in priemfaktore) sodra die tegnologie redelik omvattende berekenings kan hanteer. Die belangstelling in kwantumverwerking is aangevuur deur beide die besef dat die toenemende miniaturisering noodwendig rekenaarwetenskaplikes met kwantumverskynsels sal konfronteer, en deur die begryp van die potensiaal van massief parallelle verwerking deur die gebruik maak van die Hilbert-ruimtevoorstelling van kwantumstelsels en die spesiale eienskappe van kwantumverstrengeling. Die onderwerp lˆ e by die sameloop van fisika, rekenaarwetenskap en wiskunde en hierdie bydrae verken die idees van di´ e drie gebiede wat die belangrikste rol in kwantumberekening speel en besin oor die definisies van en die waarskynlike gebruik vir kwantumverwerking asook sy verhouding tot die klassieke berekeningskompleksiteit. Ten slotte word ’n uitgebreide geannoteerde bibliografie verskaf as gids vir die ge¨ ınteresseerde leser tot die literatuur in di´ e onderwerp.AbstractQuantum computing There has been no lack of coverage in the past few years in scientific journals of the topic of quantum computation. Rightly so, as this is a novel idea with—so far—at least one very important practical application (prime factorisation) as soon as the technology can accommodate reasonably sized computations. Interest in quantum computing has been sparked by both the realization that increasing miniaturisation will eventually bring computer scientists face-to-face with quantum effects, and by the grasping of the potential for massive parallelism inherent in the Hilbert space representation of quantum systems and in the special effects of quantum entanglement. The topic lies at the confluence of physics, computer science and mathematics and this contribution reviews the ideas from these three fields that play the most important role in quantum computation and reflects on the definitions of and prospective use for quantum computing as well as its relation to classical computational complexity. Finally, an extended annotated bibliography is provided as a guide for the interested reader to the literature in the subject.
Daar is geen gebrek aan dekking in die laaste paar jaar in wetenskaplike joernale van die onderwerp van kwantumberekening nie. Tereg ook, want dit is 'n nuwe idee met - tot sover- minstens een baie belangrike praktiese toepassing (ontbinding in priemfaktore) sodra die tegnologie redelik omvattende berekenings kan hanteer. Die belangstelling in kwantumverwerking is aangevuur deur beide die besef dat die toenemende miniaturisering noodwendig rekenaarwetenskaplikes met kwantumverskynsels sal konfronteer, en deur die begryp van die potensiaal van massief parallelle verwerking deur die gebruik maak van die Hilbert-ruimtevoorstelling van kwantumstelsels en die spesiale eienskappe van kwantumverstrengeling. Die onderwerp le by die sameloop van fisika, rekenaarwetenskap en wiskunde en hierdie bydrae verken die idees van die drie gebiede wat die belangrikste rol in kwantumberekening speel en besin oor die definisies van en die waarskynlike gebruik vir kwantumverwerking asook sy verhouding tot die klassieke berekeningskompleksiteit. Ten slotte word 'n uitgebreide geannoteerde bibliografie verskaf as gids vir die geinteresseerde leser tot die literatuur in die onderwerp. End Quantum computing There has been no lack of coverage in the past few years in scientific journals of the topic of quantum computation. Rightly so, as this is a novel idea with-so far-at least one very important practical application (prime factorisation) as soon as the technology can accommodate reasonably sized computations. Interest in quantum computing has been sparked by both the realization that increasing miniaturisation will eventually bring computer scientists face-to-face with quantum effects, and by the grasping of the potential for massive parallelism inherent in the Hilbert space representation of quantum systems and in the special effects of quantum entanglement. The topic lies at the confluence of physics, computer science and mathematics and this contribution reviews the ideas from these three fields that play the most important role in quantum computation and reflects on the definitions of and prospective use for quantum computing as well as its relation to classical computational complexity. Finally, an extended annotated bibliography is provided as a guide for the interested reader to the literature in the subject. End
Quantum computing and quantum communications are exciting new frontiers in computing and communications. Indeed, the massive investments made by the governments of the US, China, and EU in these new technologies are not a secret and are based on the expected potential of these technologies to revolutionize communications, computing, and security. In addition to several field trials and hero experiments, a number of companies such as Google and IBM are actively working in these areas and some have already reported impressive demonstrations in the past few years. While there is some skepticism about whether quantum cryptography will eventually replace classical cryptography, the advent of quantum computing could necessitate the use of quantum cryptography as the ultimate frontier of secure communications. This is because, with the amazing speeds demonstrated with quantum computers, breaking cryptographic keys might no longer be a daunting task in the next decade or so. Hence, quantum cryptography as the ultimate frontier in secure communications might not be such a far-fetched idea. It is well known that Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle is essentially a "negative result" in Physics and Quantum Mechanics. It turns out that Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, one of the most interesting results in Quantum Mechanics, could be the theoretical basis and the main scientific principle behind the ultimate frontier in quantum cryptography or secure communications in conjunction with Quantum Entanglement.
Quantum computing as emerging technology raises high expectations to accelerate complicated calculations, superseding capabilities of presently available supercomputers and to provide a solution to the ever-increasing challenge of processing big amount of data. Besides theoretical promises, quantum computers have successfully been realized in experimental settings during the past few years, and can now also be accessed commercially. Given this availability of quantum computers, their application potential can be scrutinized. Promised to lead to disruptive changes in addressing and solving problems from the domains of simulation, optimization and machine learning, quantum computers have been researched in context of many application scenarios in industrial and academic setting in the recent years. However, it turns out that currently available quantum computers are still to small in size and limited in quality to fulfill the high hopes set in them at the moment. This review reflects on the current state of the technology coming from the perspective of the application, and indicates the developments required on hardware, software and algorithmic side to eventually make quantum computing beneficial for applications.