Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0508119 · Laser Spectroscopy

CONTROLLED PHOTON EMISSION AND RAMAN TRANSITION EXPERIMENTS WITH A SINGLE TRAPPED ATOM

M. P. A. JONES, Benoît Darquié, J. Beugnon, J. Dingjan, S. Bergamini, Yvan R. P. Sortais, Gaétan Messin, Antoine Browaeys, Philippe Grangier

Published Dec 1, 2005• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present recent results on the coherent control of an optical transition in a single rubidium atom, trapped in an optical tweezer. We excite the atom using resonant light pulses that are short (4 ns) compared with the lifetime of the excited state (26 ns). By varying the intensity of the laser pulses, we can observe an adjustable number of Rabi oscillations, followed by free decay once the light is switched off. To generate the pulses we have developed a novel laser system based on frequency doubling a telecoms laser diode at 1560 nm. By setting the laser intensity to make a pi-pulse, we use this coherent control to make a high quality triggered source of single photons. We obtain an average single photon rate of 9600 s-1 at the detector. Measurements of the second-order temporal correlation function show almost perfect antibunching at zero delay. In addition, we present preliminary results on the use of Raman transitions to couple the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of our trapped atom. This will allow us to prepare and control a qubit formed by two hyperfine sub-levels.

DOI
10.1142/9789812701473_0042

Related papers

CONTROLLED PHOTON EMISSION AND RAMAN TRANSITION EXPERIMENTS WITH A SINGLE TRAPPED ATOM.

M. P. A. Jones, Benoît Darquié, J. Beugnon +6 more

We present recent results on the coherent control of an optical transition in a single rubidium atom, trapped in an optical tweezer. We excite the atom using resonant light pulses that are short (4 ns) compared with the lifetime of the excited state (26 ns). By varying the intensity of the laser pulses, we can observe an adjustable number of Rabi oscillations, followed by free decay once the light is switched off. To generate the pulses we have developed a novel laser system based on frequency doubling a telecoms laser diode at 1560 nm. By setting the laser intensity to make a pi-pulse, we use this coherent control to make a high quality triggered source of single photons. We obtain an average single photon rate of 9600 s-1 at the detector. Measurements of the second-order temporal correlation function show almost perfect antibunching at zero delay. In addition, we present preliminary results on the use of Raman transitions to couple the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of our trapped atom. This will allow us to prepare and control a qubit formed by two hyperfine sub-levels.

•Jan 1, 2005•1 citation

Controlled Single-Photon Emission from a Single Trapped Two-Level Atom

Benoît Darquié, M. P. A. Jones, J. Dingjan +6 more

By illuminating an individual rubidium atom stored in a tight optical tweezer with short resonant light pulses, we created an efficient triggered source of single photons with a well-defined polarization. The measured intensity correlation of the emitted light pulses exhibits almost perfect antibunching. Such a source of high-rate, fully controlled single-photon pulses has many potential applications for quantum information processing.

arXiv:quant-ph/0610087•Science•Jul 14, 2005•282 citations

852-nm triggered single-photon source based on trapping and manipulation of a single cesium atom confined in a microscopic optical dipole trap

Liu Bei, Jin Gang, Jun He +1 more

Single-atom-based single-photon source has several advantages, such as narrow bandwidth, wavelength matching with the absorption line of the same atomic ensemble, and insensitivity to the environment disturbing, and it is very important not only for basic researches in quantum optic field but also for applications in quantum information processing. In this paper, we report the generation of a 10-MHz-repetition-rate triggered single-photon source at 852 nm based on a trapped single cesium atom in a far-off-resonance microscopic optical dipole trap (FORT). To generate an optical dipole trap, a far-red-detuned 1064 nm laser beam is tightly focused by using a high numerical aperture lens, a typical trap depth is 2 mK and trap waist is 2.3 m. To obtain a maximum probability of pulsed excitation, the frequency of the pulsed laser should be resonant with the atomic energy levels and the trapped single atom must be excited with a -pulse. However, the interaction between the FORT laser and the atoms causes AC Stark shifts of the atomic energy levels. Thus, in order to demonstrate the resonant pulsed excitation, it is important to calculate and measure the shift of 6S1/2|Fg=4,mF=+4-6P3/2|Fe=5,mF=+5 cyclical transition in the FORT. For a two-level system, the probability of pulsed excitation can be described by Rabi oscillations with a characteristic Rabi frequency . With an optimized time sequence, we experimentally demonstrate the Rabi oscillation between the ground state and the excited state, and the peak power of -pulse laser is about 1.25 mW. We also measure the temporal envelope of single photons after a -pulse excitation. A gated pulsed excitation and cooling technique are used to reduce the possibility that atoms are heated by -pulse laser. The typical trapping lifetime of single cesium atom is extended from~108 ups to~2536 ms. The corresponding number of excitations is improved from 108 to 360000. The second-order intensity correlations of the emitted single-photon are characterized by implementing Hanbury Brown-Twiss setup. The statistics shows a strong anti-bunching with a value of 0.09 for the second-order correlation at zero delay. In the future, we will perform a Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference experiment to analyze the indistinguishability of the single photons. We will also trap single atoms in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap where the ground and the excited states have the same shift.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2016•0 citations

Novel schemes for the optical manipulation of atoms and molecules

James Bateman

The range of atoms which can be cooled by lasers is limited to those which have a closed two level structure. Several schemes have been proposed which aim to extend this range by using coherent control of the particle momenta, but none have yet been demonstrated. We hope to implement these and other coherent manipulation schemes, and we begin with a system which is well understood and over which we can exert precise control. This thesis covers the design and construction of an experiment to demonstrate coherent manipulation of cold rubidium atoms collected in a magneto-optical trap. The lower hyperfine levels of these cold atoms very closely mimic the ideal two-level atom, and we use carefully crafted laser pulses to prepare, manipulate, and read their quantum state. The hyperfine levels are coupled using two fields whose frequency difference is equal to the hyperfine splitting. The way in which these Raman coupled levels can be used to emulate a two-level atom is explored, and the experimental apparatus used to create and control the driving fields is described in detail. The amplitude, frequency and phase of these fields is programmable, and complex manipulation schemes can be implemented merely by programming a computer. We have observed Raman transitions in the cold rubidium atoms, and the experimental methods used to detect these features amidst large experimental noise are discussed. Although we have not yet seen Rabi oscillations, we are confident that we can now have sufficient control to begin to implement simple interferometric sequences. However, there remain significant challenges if we are to coherently manipulate the momentum, and the prospects for such manipulation are discussed.

•Mar 1, 2009•4 citations

OSTsILLYaTsII RABI PRI TREKhFOTONNOM LAZERNOM VOZBUZhDENII ODINOChNOGO RIDBERGOVSKOGO ATOMA RUBIDIYa V OPTIChESKOY DIPOL'NOY LOVUShKE

Ilya I. Beterov, Elena A. Yakshina, G. Suliman +8 more

In an experiment on three-photon laser excitation 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 6S 1/2 → 37P 3/2 of a single 87 Rb, Rydberg atom in an optical dipole trap, we have observed for the first time three-photon Rabi oscillations between the ground and the Rydberg states. A single atom was detected optically by resonance fluorescence signal using a low-noise sCMOS video camera. The relative probability for the atom to remain in the trap after the action of three synchronized exciting laser pulses with durations varying from 100 ns to 2 µs was measured. A distinctive feature of the experiment was the use of intense laser radiation with a wavelength of 1367 nm at the second excitation step, providing a single-photon Rabi frequency up to 2 GHz to control the effective detunings of intermediate levels of the three- photon transition due to the dynamic Stark effect. Rabi oscillations with frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz were registered depending on the intensity of laser pulses of the first and second excitation steps with coherence time 0.7–0.8 µs. Ways to increase the coherence time and contrast of three-photon Rabi oscillations for applications in quantum information with Rydberg atoms are discussed.

arXiv:2410.01703•Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики•Nov 1, 2024•2 citations

Implementation of Single-Qubit Quantum Gates Based on a Microwave Transition in a Single Rubidium Atom in an Optical Dipole Trap

Ilya I. Beterov, Elena A. Yakshina, Denis B. Tretyakov +4 more

Abstract The results of experiments on the implementation of single-qubit quantum gates with a single 87Rb atom in an optical dipole trap with a wavelength of 850 nm are presented. The trap is formed by a long focal-length objective lens located outside the vacuum chamber of a magneto-optical trap. An atom is detected using a resonance fluorescence signal with an sCMOS video camera. The experiments involved the trapping and confinement of a single atom at times up to 50 s, optical pumping by polarized laser radiation, microwave transitions between two hyperfine sublevels of the ground state, and the measurement of the quantum state of the atom by pushing it from the trap. Rabi oscillations are observed during the “clock” microwave transition 5S1/2(F = 2, MF = 0) → 5S1/2(F = 1, MF = 0) between two operating qubit levels at a frequency of up to 4.2 kHz, a contrast of up to 95%, and a coherence time of up to 3 ms. These oscillations correspond to the implementation of two basic single-qubit quantum operations (Hadamard gate, NOT gate) from various initial qubit states with an average fidelity of 95.2 ± 3%.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2021•5 citations
We present recent results on the coherent control of an optical transition in a single rubidium atom, trapped in an optical tweezer. We excite the atom using resonant light pulses that are short (4 ns) compared with the lifetime of the excited state (26 ns). By varying the intensity of the laser pulses, we can observe an adjustable number of Rabi oscillations, followed by free decay once the light is switched off. To generate the pulses we have developed a novel laser system based on frequency doubling a telecoms laser diode at 1560 nm. By setting the laser intensity to make a pi-pulse, we use this coherent control to make a high quality triggered source of single photons. We obtain an average single photon rate of 9600 s-1 at the detector. Measurements of the second-order temporal correlation function show almost perfect antibunching at zero delay. In addition, we present preliminary results on the use of Raman transitions to couple the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of our trapped atom. This will allow us to prepare and control a qubit formed by two hyperfine sub-levels.
We present recent results on the coherent control of an optical transition in a single rubidium atom, trapped in an optical tweezer. We excite the atom using resonant light pulses that are short (4 ns) compared with the lifetime of the excited state (26 ns). By varying the intensity of the laser pulses, we can observe an adjustable number of Rabi oscillations, followed by free decay once the light is switched off. To generate the pulses we have developed a novel laser system based on frequency doubling a telecoms laser diode at 1560 nm. By setting the laser intensity to make a pi-pulse, we use this coherent control to make a high quality triggered source of single photons. We obtain an average single photon rate of 9600 s-1 at the detector. Measurements of the second-order temporal correlation function show almost perfect antibunching at zero delay. In addition, we present preliminary results on the use of Raman transitions to couple the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of our trapped atom. This will allow us to prepare and control a qubit formed by two hyperfine sub-levels.
Single-atom-based single-photon source has several advantages, such as narrow bandwidth, wavelength matching with the absorption line of the same atomic ensemble, and insensitivity to the environment disturbing, and it is very important not only for basic researches in quantum optic field but also for applications in quantum information processing. In this paper, we report the generation of a 10-MHz-repetition-rate triggered single-photon source at 852 nm based on a trapped single cesium atom in a far-off-resonance microscopic optical dipole trap (FORT). To generate an optical dipole trap, a far-red-detuned 1064 nm laser beam is tightly focused by using a high numerical aperture lens, a typical trap depth is 2 mK and trap waist is 2.3 m. To obtain a maximum probability of pulsed excitation, the frequency of the pulsed laser should be resonant with the atomic energy levels and the trapped single atom must be excited with a -pulse. However, the interaction between the FORT laser and the atoms causes AC Stark shifts of the atomic energy levels. Thus, in order to demonstrate the resonant pulsed excitation, it is important to calculate and measure the shift of 6S1/2|Fg=4,mF=+4-6P3/2|Fe=5,mF=+5 cyclical transition in the FORT. For a two-level system, the probability of pulsed excitation can be described by Rabi oscillations with a characteristic Rabi frequency . With an optimized time sequence, we experimentally demonstrate the Rabi oscillation between the ground state and the excited state, and the peak power of -pulse laser is about 1.25 mW. We also measure the temporal envelope of single photons after a -pulse excitation. A gated pulsed excitation and cooling technique are used to reduce the possibility that atoms are heated by -pulse laser. The typical trapping lifetime of single cesium atom is extended from~108 ups to~2536 ms. The corresponding number of excitations is improved from 108 to 360000. The second-order intensity correlations of the emitted single-photon are characterized by implementing Hanbury Brown-Twiss setup. The statistics shows a strong anti-bunching with a value of 0.09 for the second-order correlation at zero delay. In the future, we will perform a Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference experiment to analyze the indistinguishability of the single photons. We will also trap single atoms in a magic-wavelength optical dipole trap where the ground and the excited states have the same shift.
The range of atoms which can be cooled by lasers is limited to those which have a closed two level structure. Several schemes have been proposed which aim to extend this range by using coherent control of the particle momenta, but none have yet been demonstrated. We hope to implement these and other coherent manipulation schemes, and we begin with a system which is well understood and over which we can exert precise control. This thesis covers the design and construction of an experiment to demonstrate coherent manipulation of cold rubidium atoms collected in a magneto-optical trap. The lower hyperfine levels of these cold atoms very closely mimic the ideal two-level atom, and we use carefully crafted laser pulses to prepare, manipulate, and read their quantum state. The hyperfine levels are coupled using two fields whose frequency difference is equal to the hyperfine splitting. The way in which these Raman coupled levels can be used to emulate a two-level atom is explored, and the experimental apparatus used to create and control the driving fields is described in detail. The amplitude, frequency and phase of these fields is programmable, and complex manipulation schemes can be implemented merely by programming a computer. We have observed Raman transitions in the cold rubidium atoms, and the experimental methods used to detect these features amidst large experimental noise are discussed. Although we have not yet seen Rabi oscillations, we are confident that we can now have sufficient control to begin to implement simple interferometric sequences. However, there remain significant challenges if we are to coherently manipulate the momentum, and the prospects for such manipulation are discussed.
In an experiment on three-photon laser excitation 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 6S 1/2 → 37P 3/2 of a single 87 Rb, Rydberg atom in an optical dipole trap, we have observed for the first time three-photon Rabi oscillations between the ground and the Rydberg states. A single atom was detected optically by resonance fluorescence signal using a low-noise sCMOS video camera. The relative probability for the atom to remain in the trap after the action of three synchronized exciting laser pulses with durations varying from 100 ns to 2 µs was measured. A distinctive feature of the experiment was the use of intense laser radiation with a wavelength of 1367 nm at the second excitation step, providing a single-photon Rabi frequency up to 2 GHz to control the effective detunings of intermediate levels of the three- photon transition due to the dynamic Stark effect. Rabi oscillations with frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz were registered depending on the intensity of laser pulses of the first and second excitation steps with coherence time 0.7–0.8 µs. Ways to increase the coherence time and contrast of three-photon Rabi oscillations for applications in quantum information with Rydberg atoms are discussed.
Abstract The results of experiments on the implementation of single-qubit quantum gates with a single 87Rb atom in an optical dipole trap with a wavelength of 850 nm are presented. The trap is formed by a long focal-length objective lens located outside the vacuum chamber of a magneto-optical trap. An atom is detected using a resonance fluorescence signal with an sCMOS video camera. The experiments involved the trapping and confinement of a single atom at times up to 50 s, optical pumping by polarized laser radiation, microwave transitions between two hyperfine sublevels of the ground state, and the measurement of the quantum state of the atom by pushing it from the trap. Rabi oscillations are observed during the “clock” microwave transition 5S1/2(F = 2, MF = 0) → 5S1/2(F = 1, MF = 0) between two operating qubit levels at a frequency of up to 4.2 kHz, a contrast of up to 95%, and a coherence time of up to 3 ms. These oscillations correspond to the implementation of two basic single-qubit quantum operations (Hadamard gate, NOT gate) from various initial qubit states with an average fidelity of 95.2 ± 3%.