We study the dynamics of entanglement for the XY-model, one-dimensional spin systems coupled through the nearest neighbor exchange interaction and subject to an external time-dependent magnetic field. Using the two-site density matrix, we calculate the time-dependent entanglement of formation between nearest neighbor qubits. We investigate the effect of varying the temperature, the anisotropy parameter and the external time-dependent magnetic field on the entanglement. We have found that the entanglement can be localized between nearest neighbor qubits for certain values of the external time-dependent magnetic field. Moreover, as known for the magnetization of this model, the entanglement shows nonergodic behavior, it does not approach its equilibrium value at the infinite time limit.
We consider an infinite one-dimensional anisotropic
XY spin chain with a nearest-neighbor time-dependent Heisenberg coupling
J(t) between the spins in presence of a time-dependent magnetic field
h(t). We discuss a general solution for the system and present an exact solution for particular choice of
J and
h of practical interest. We investigate the dynamics of entanglement for different degrees of anisotropy of the system and at both zero and finite temperatures. We find that the time evolution of entanglement in the system shows nonergodic and critical behavior at zero and finite temperatures and different degrees of anisotropy. The asymptotic behavior of entanglement at the infinite time limit at zero temperature and constant
J and
h depends only the parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}=J/h$ rather than the individual values of
J and
h for all degrees of anisotropy but changes for nonzero temperature. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior is very sensitive to the initial values of
J and
h and for particular choices we may create finite asymptotic entanglement regardless of the final values of
J and
h. The persistence of quantum effects in the system as it evolves and as the temperature is raised is studied by monitoring the entanglement. We find that the quantum effects dominate within certain regions of the
kT-$\ensuremath{\lambda}$ space that vary significantly depending on the degree of the anisotropy of the system. Particularly, the quantum effects in the Ising model case persist in the vicinity of both its critical phase transition point and zero temperature as it evolves in time. Moreover, the interplay between the different system parameters to tune and control the entanglement evolution is explored.
We study the dynamics of nearest-neighbor entanglement for a one-dimensional spin chain with a nearest-neighbor time-dependent Heisenberg coupling
J(t) between the spins in the presence of a time-dependent external magnetic field
h(t) at zero and finite temperatures. We consider different forms of time dependence for the coupling and magnetic field: exponential, hyperbolic, and periodic. Solving the system numerically, we examined the system-size effect on the entanglement asymptotic value. It was found that, for a small system size, the entanglement starts to fluctuate within a short period of time after applying the time-dependent coupling. The period of time increases as the system size increases and disappears completely as the size goes to infinity. Testing the effect of the transition constant for an exponential or hyperbolic coupling showed a direct impact on the asymptotic value of the entanglement; the larger the constant is, the lower the asymptotic value and the more rapid decay of entanglement are, which confirms the nonergodic character of the system. We also found that, when
J(t) is periodic, the entanglement shows a periodic behavior with the same period, which disappears upon applying periodic magnetic field with the same frequency. Solving the case $J(t)=\ensuremath{\lambda}h(t)$, for constant $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, exactly, we showed that the time evolution and asymptotic value of entanglement are dictated solely by the parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}=J/h$ rather than the individual values of
J and
h, not only when they are time independent and at zero temperature, but also when they are time dependent but proportional at zero and finite temperatures for all degrees of anisotropy.
We study the evolution of entanglement, quantum correlation and classical correlation for the one dimensional XY model in external transverse magnetic field. The system is initialized in the full polarized state along the z axis, after annealing, different sites will become entangled. We study the three kinds of correlation for both the nearest and the next-nearest neighbor sites. We find that for large anisotropy parameter the quantum phase transition can be indicated by the dynamics of classical correlation between the nearest neighbor sites. We find that the dynamics of entanglement for both the nearest and next-nearest neighbor sites show significantly different behaviors with different values of magnetic field. We also find that the evolution of quantum correlation and classical correlation of the nearest neighbor sites are obviously different from those of the next-nearest neighbor sites.
We study the dynamics of entanglement for a one-dimensional spin system, where spins are coupled through nearest-neighbor exchange interaction and subject to different external magnetic fields. First we examine the system size effect on the entanglement with three different external magnetic fields changing with time
t: an exponential function ${e}^{[\ensuremath{-}Kt]}$ and two periodic
sin[Kt] and
cos[Kt] functions, where
K is a control parameter. We have found that the entanglement fluctuates shortly after a disturbance by an external magnetic field when the system size is small. For larger system size, the entanglement reaches a stable state for a long time before it fluctuates. However, this fluctuation of entanglement disappears when the system size goes to infinity. We also show that in a periodic external magnetic field, the nearest-neighbor entanglement displays a periodic structure with a period related to that of the magnetic field. Moreover, changing the direction of the magnetic field will destroy the concurrence in the system.
We consider the time evolution of entanglement in a finite two-dimensional transverse Ising model. The model consists of a set of seven localized spin-
21 particles in a two-dimensional triangular lattice coupled through nearest-neighbor exchange interaction in the presence of an external time-dependent magnetic field. The magnetic field is applied in different function forms: step, exponential, hyperbolic, and periodic. We found that the time evolution of the entanglement shows an ergodic behavior under the effect of the time-dependent magnetic fields. Also, we found that while the step magnetic field causes great disturbance to the system, creating rapid oscillations, the system shows great controllability under the effects of the other magnetic fields where the entanglement profile follows closely the shape of the applied field even with the same frequency for periodic fields. This follow-up trend breaks down as the strength of the field, the transition constant for the exponential and hyperbolic forms, or the frequency for periodic field increase leading to rapid oscillations. We observed that the entanglement is very sensitive to the initial value of the applied periodic field: the smaller the initial value is, the less distorted the entanglement profile is. Furthermore, the effect of thermal fluctuations is very devastating to the entanglement, which decays very rapidly as the temperature increases. Interestingly, although a large value of the magnetic field strength may yield a small entanglement, the magnetic field strength was found to be more persistent against thermal fluctuations than the small field strengths.
We study the dynamics and the asymptotic behaviors of quantum discord in a one-dimensional XY model coupled through time-dependent nearest-neighbor interactions and in the presence of a time-dependent magnetic field. We find that the time evolution of the nearest-neighbor quantum discord in this system shows non-ergodic behaviors but is asymptotic to its steady value at the long-time limit. The zero-temperature asymptotic behaviors of quantum discord is only determined by the ratio between the coupling parameter and magnetic field, whereas the finite-temperature asymptotic behaviors determined by both of them. These asymptotic behaviors are sensitive not only to the initial values of the coupling parameter and magnetic field, but also to the final values. It is interesting to note that quantum discords are more robust than entanglement against the effect of temperature. We also find particular parameter regimes, where the nearest-neighbor quantum discord is enhanced significantly.