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arXiv:quant-ph/0504207 · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Applications of quantum message sealing

G. Gordon Worley

Published May 25, 2005• 0 citations
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Abstract

In 2003, Bechmann-Pasquinucci introduced the concept of quantum seals, a quantum analogue to wax seals used to close letters and envelopes. Since then, some improvements on the method have been found. We first review the current quantum sealing techniques, then introduce and discuss potential applications of quantum message sealing, and conclude with some discussion of the limitations of quantum seals.

DOI
10.1117/12.598260

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In 2003, Bechmann-Pasquinucci introduced the concept of quantum seals, a quantum analogue to wax seals used to close letters and envelopes. Since then, some improvements on the method have been found. We first review the current quantum sealing techniques, then introduce and discuss potential applications of quantum message sealing, and conclude with some discussion of the limitations of quantum seals.
A quantum seal is a way of encoding a message into quantum states, so that anybody may read the message with little error, while authorized verifiers can detect that the seal has been broken. We present a simple extension to the Bechmann–Pasquinucci majority-voting scheme that is impervious to coherent attacks, and further, encompasses sealing quantum messages by means of quantum encryption. The scheme is relatively easy to implement, requiring neither entanglement nor controlled operations during the state preparation, reading or verification stages.
The physical layer describes how communication signals are encoded and transmitted across a channel. Physical security often requires either restricting access to the channel or performing periodic manual inspections. In this tutorial, we describe how the field of quantum communication offers new techniques for securing the physical layer. We describe the use of quantum seals as a unique way to test the integrity and authenticity of a communication channel and to provide security for the physical layer. We present the theoretical and physical underpinnings of quantum seals including the quantum optical encoding used at the transmitter and the test for non-locality used at the receiver. We describe how the envisioned quantum physical sublayer senses tampering and how coordination with higher protocol layers allows quantum seals to influence secure routing or tailor data management methods. We conclude by discussing challenges in the development of quantum seals, the overlap with existing quantum key distribution cryptographic services, and the relevance of a quantum physical sublayer to the future of communication security.