In this brief review we describe the idea of holonomic quantum computation. The idea of geometric phase and holonomy is introduced in a general way and we provide few examples that should help the reader understand the issues involved.
In the first part of this review we introduce the basics theory behind geometric phases and emphasize their importance in quantum theory. The subject is presented in a general way so as to illustrate its wide applicability, but we also introduce a number of examples that will help the reader understand the basic issues involved. In the second part we show how to perform a universal quantum computation using only geometric effects appearing in quantum phases. It is then finally discussed how this geometric way of performing quantum gates can lead to a stable, large scale, intrinsically fault-tolerant quantum computer.
Quantum holonomies are investigated in different contexts. A geometric phase is proposed for decomposition dependent evolution, where each component of a given decomposition of a mixed state evolves independently. It is shown that this geometric phase only depends on the path traversed in the space of decompositions. A holonomy is associated to general paths of subspaces of a Hilbert space, both discrete and continuous. This opens up the possibility of constructing quantum holonomic gates in the open path setting. In the discrete case it is shown that it is possible to associate two distinct holonomies to a given path. Interferometric setups for measuring both holonomies are provided. It is further shown that there are cases when the holonomy is only partially defined. This has no counterpart in the Abelian setting. An operational interpretation of amplitudes of density operators is provided. This allows for a direct interferometric realization of Uhlmann's parallelity condition, and the possibility of measuring the Uhlmann holonomy for sequences of density operators. Off-diagonal geometric phases are generalized to the non-Abelian case. These off-diagonal holonomies are undefined for cyclic evolution, but must contain members of non-zero rank if all standard holonomies are undefined. Experimental setups for measuring the off-diagonal holonomies are proposed. The concept of nodal free geometric phases is introduced. These are constructed from gauge invariant quantities, but do not share the nodal point structure of geometric phases and off-diagonal geometric phases. An interferometric setup for measuring nodal free geometric phases is provided, and it is shown that these phases could be useful in geometric quantum computation. A holonomy associated to a sequence of quantum maps is introduced. It is shown that this holonomy is related to the Uhlmann holonomy. Explicit examples are provided to illustrate the general idea.
A unifying framework for the control of quantum systems with non-Abelian holonomy is presented. It is shown that, from a control theoretic point of view, holonomic quantum computation can be treated as a control system evolving on a principal fiber bundle. An extension of methods developed for these classical systems may be applied to quantum holonomic systems to obtain insight into the control properties of such systems and to construct control algorithms for two established examples of the computing paradigm.
This is a sequel to the papers (quant-ph/9910063) and (quant-ph/0004102). The aim of this paper is to give mathematical foundations to Holonomic Quantum Computation (Computer) proposed by Zanardi and Rasetti (quant-ph/9904011) and Pachos and Chountasis (quant-ph/9912093). In 2-qubit case we give an explicit form to non-abelian Berry connection of quantum computational bundle which is associated with Holonomic Quantum Computation, on some parameter space. We also suggest a possibility that not only usual holonomy but also higherdimensional holonomies must be used to prove a universality of our Holonomic
Geometrical aspects of quantum computing are reviewed elementarily for nonexperts and/or graduate students who are interested in both geometry and quantum computation. We show how to treat Grassmann manifolds which are very important examples of manifolds in mathematics and physics. Some of their applications to quantum computation and its efficiency problems are shown. An interesting current topic of holonomic quantum computation is also covered. Also, some related advanced topics are discussed.