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arXiv:quant-ph/0503054 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Extended Cahill–Glauber formalism for finite-dimensional spaces: I. Fundamentals

M. Ruzzi, Marcelo A. Marchiolli, D. Galetti

Published Jun 22, 2005• 53 citations
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Abstract

The Cahill–Glauber approach for quantum mechanics on phase space is extended to the finite-dimensional case through the use of discrete coherent states. All properties and features of the continuous formalism are appropriately generalized. The continuum results are promptly recovered as a limiting case. The Jacobi theta functions are shown to have a prominent role in the context.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/38/27/010

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The Cahill–Glauber approach for quantum mechanics on phase space is extended to the finite-dimensional case through the use of discrete coherent states. All properties and features of the continuous formalism are appropriately generalized. The continuum results are promptly recovered as a limiting case. The Jacobi theta functions are shown to have a prominent role in the context.
By means of a mod(N)\mathrm{mod}(N)mod(N)-invariant operator basis, sss-parametrized phase-space functions associated with bounded operators in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space are introduced in the context of the extended Cahill-Glauber formalism, and their properties are discussed in details. The discrete Glauber-Sudarshan, Wigner, and Husimi functions emerge from this formalism as specific cases of sss-parametrized phase-space functions where, in particular, a hierarchical process among them is promptly established. In addition, a phase-space description of quantum tomography and quantum teleportation is presented and new results are obtained.
Weyl's formulation of quantum mechanics opened the possibility of studying the dynamics of quantum systems both in infinite-dimensional and finite-dimensional systems. Based on Weyl's approach, generalized by Schwinger, a self-consistent theoretical framework describing physical systems characterized by a finite-dimensional space of states has been created. The used mathematical formalism is further developed by adding finite-dimensional versions of some notions and results from the continuous case. Discrete versions of the continuous Gaussian functions have been defined by using the Jacobi theta functions. We continue the investigation of the properties of these finite Gaussians by following the analogy with the continuous case. We study the uncertainty relation of finite Gaussian states, the form of the associated Wigner quasi-distribution and the evolution under free-particle and quantum harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians. In all cases, a particular emphasis is put on the recovery of the known continuous-limit results when the dimension d of the system increases.
Weyl's formulation of quantum mechanics opened the possibility of studying the dynamics of quantum systems both in infinite-dimensional and finite-dimensional systems. Based on Weyl's approach, generalized by Schwinger, a self-consistent theoretical framework describing physical systems characterised by a finite-dimensional space of states has been created. The used mathematical formalism is further developed by adding finite-dimensional versions of some notions and results from the continuous case. Discrete versions of the continuous Gaussian functions have been defined by using the Jacobi theta functions. We continue the investigation of the properties of these finite Gaussians by following the analogy with the continuous case. We study the uncertainty relation of finite Gaussian states, the form of the associated Wigner quasi-distribution and the evolution under free-particle and quantum harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians. In all cases, a particular emphasis is put on the recovery of the known continuous-limit results when the dimension ddd of the system increases.
The main aspects of a discrete phase space formalism are presented and the discrete dynamical bracket, suitable for the description of time evolution in finite-dimensional spaces, is discussed. A set of operator bases is defined in such a way that the Weyl-Wigner formalism is shown to be obtained as a limiting case. In the same form, the Moyal bracket is shown to be the limiting case of the discrete dynamical bracket. The dynamics in quantum discrete phase spaces is shown not to be attained from discretization of the continuous case.
The action-angle representation in quantum mechanics is conceptually quite different from its classical counterpart and motivates a canonical discretization of the phase space. In this work, a discrete and finite-dimensional phase space formalism, in which the phase space variables are discrete and the time is continuous, is developed and the fundamental properties of the discrete Weyl-Wigner-Moyal quantization are derived. The action-angle Wigner function is shown to exist in the semi-discrete limit of this quantization scheme. A comparison with other formalisms which are not explicitly based on canonical discretization is made. Fundamental properties that an action-angle phase space distribution respects are derived. The dynamical properties of the action-angle Wigner function are analysed for discrete and finite-dimensional model Hamiltonians. The limit of the discrete and finite-dimensional formalism including a discrete analogue of the Gaussian wavefunction spread, viz. the binomial wavepacket, is examined and shown by examples that standard (continuum) quantum mechanical results can be obtained as the dimension of the discrete phase space is extended to infinity.