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arXiv:quant-ph/0501080 · Physical Review A

Localization of the relative position of two atoms induced by spontaneous emission

L. Zheng, C. Li, Yahui Li, C. P. Sun

Published Jun 9, 2005• 9 citations
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Abstract

We reexamine the back-action of emitted photons on the wave packet evolution about the relative position of two cold atoms. We show that photon recoil resulting from the spontaneous emission can induce the localization of the relative position of the two atoms through the entanglement between the spatial motion of individual atoms and their emitted photons. The obtained result provides a more realistic model for the analysis of the environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.062101

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We reexamine the back-action of emitted photons on the wave packet evolution about the relative position of two cold atoms. We show that photon recoil resulting from the spontaneous emission can induce the localization of the relative position of the two atoms through the entanglement between the spatial motion of individual atoms and their emitted photons. The obtained result provides a more realistic model for the analysis of the environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.
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Entanglement between two spatially separate matter particles can be generated via many means and often resides in the internal states of particles. Here, via Rydberg blockade in two spatially separate neutral atoms, we find that the photon recoil in Rydberg excitation can push one atom microns away provided the other atom exerts a state-dependent Rydberg-mediated blockade. When the atoms are recaptured by optical traps, a position-position entangled state between two spatially separate atoms can emerge. This realizes a Bell state of two atoms, where the entanglement exists in the position of each atom and the distance between the two possible locations of each atom can be in the hundred-micron regime.
In this work we review the Weisskopf-Wigner formalism for spontaneous emission considering the spatial modes of light as well as external atomic degrees of freedom, which we introduce in the theory by modeling the atom as a wave packet in momentum space with a given initial uncertainty. We perform a purity calculation in order to quantify the entanglement encoded in the momentum variables of the atom-photon system. Our purity calculations reveal two high-entanglement regimes depending on the initial atomic momentum uncertainty: (1) the Recoil entanglement regime (which arises in the small momentum uncertainty region) where recoil effects dominate the mechanisms that originate entanglement, and (2) the Doppler entanglement regime (in the large momentum uncertainty region) where homogeneous Doppler shifts in the emitted photon's frequency play the fundamental part in the build up of quantum correlations in the system. Physical considerations are made to explain the nature of each entanglement regime as well as provide their respective thresholds.