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arXiv:quant-ph/0411101 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Pulse Control of Decoherence in a Qubit Coupled with a Quantum Environment

Takahiro Murakami, Yositake Takane

Published Jan 1, 2005• 1 citation
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Abstract

We study the time evolution of a qubit linearly coupled with a quantum environment under a sequence of short π pulses.Our attention is focused on the case where qubit-environment interactions induce the decoherence with population decay.We assume that the environment consists of a set of bosonic excitations.The time evolution of the reduced density matrix for the qubit is calculated in the presence of periodic short π pulses.We confirm that the decoherence is suppressed if the pulse interval is shorter than the correlation time for qubit-environment interactions.

DOI
10.1143/jpsjs.74s.265

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We study the time evolution of a qubit linearly coupled with a quantum environment under a sequence of short π pulses.Our attention is focused on the case where qubit-environment interactions induce the decoherence with population decay.We assume that the environment consists of a set of bosonic excitations.The time evolution of the reduced density matrix for the qubit is calculated in the presence of periodic short π pulses.We confirm that the decoherence is suppressed if the pulse interval is shorter than the correlation time for qubit-environment interactions.
The pulse control of decoherence in a qubit interacting with a quantum environment is studied with focus on a general case where decoherence is induced by both pure dephasing and population decay. To observe how the decoherence is suppressed by periodic pi pulses, we present a simple method to calculate the time evolution of a qubit under arbitrary pulse sequences consisting of bit-flips and/or phase-flips. We examine the effectiveness of the two typical sequences: bb sequence consisting of only bit-flips, and bp sequence consisting of both bit- and phase-flips. It is shown that the effectiveness of the pulse sequences depends on a relative strength of the two decoherence processes especially when a pulse interval is slightly shorter than qubit-environment correlation times. In the short-interval limit, however, the bp sequence is always more effective than, or at least as effective as, the bb sequence.
The pulse control of dephasing is studied for a two-level quantum system (qubit) interacting with a quantum environment. It has been shown that dephasing in a qubit due to qubit–environment interactions can be suppressed by a sequence of periodic π pulses with infinitely short duration. To study how the effectiveness of the pulse control is affected by finite pulse duration t d , we calculate the time evolution of the reduced density operator for a qubit under a sequence of π pulses. We show that the pulse control is effective even for not short t d if a suitable pulse sequence is adopted.
An irreversible time evolution of a quantum system interacting with a surrounding environment is described by a quantum master equation. When an external field is applied to a quantum system, a non-Markovian master equation is derived in a rigorous way, where the relaxation terms in the quantum master equation include the effect of the external field that is ignored in the conventional treatment. It is shown that when the external field is a sequence of phase-modulation π-pulses, the decoherence of the quantum system can be suppressed. In particular, when the pulse separation is sufficiently short in comparison with the correlation time of the environmental system, dynamical decoupling takes place. To see the effect of the phase-modulation π-pulses, the time evolution of qubit entanglement is investigated in detail.
The aim of dynamical decoupling consists in the suppression of decoherence by appropriate coherent control of a quantum register. Effectively, the interaction with the environment is reduced. In particular, a sequence of π pulses is considered. Here we present exact results on the suppression of the coupling of a quantum bit to its environment by optimized sequences of π pulses. The effect of various cut-offs of the spectral density of the environment is investigated. As a result we show that the harder the cut-off is, the better an optimized pulse sequence can deal with it. For cut-offs which are neither completely hard nor very soft we advocate iterated optimized sequences.
A useful method for reducing the decoherence of a quantum bit (qubit) is proposed, which is based on the photon-echo phenomenon in coherent optical transient. The decoherence of the qubit is caused by the dephasing coupling with a bosonic thermal reservoir. In the method, successive coherent π pulses are applied with very short pulse widths to reduce the decoherence. It is found that the decoherence of the qubit disappears at a certain time which can be controlled by appropriately choosing the pulse separation time and the number π pulses.
We present an approach that allows quantifying decoherence processes in an open quantum system subject to external time-dependent control. Interactions with the environment are modeled by a standard bosonic heat bath. We develop two unitarity-preserving approximation schemes to calculate the reduced density matrix. One of the approximations relies on a short-time factorization of the evolution operator, while the other utilizes expansion in terms of the system-bath coupling strength. Applications are reported for two illustrative systems: an exactly solvable adiabatic model, and a model of a rotating-wave quantum-computing gate function. The approximations are found to produce consistent results at short and intermediate times.