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arXiv:quant-ph/0410127 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

A systematic study on the exact solution of the position dependent mass Schr dinger equation

Ramazan Koç, Mehmet Koca

Published Jul 9, 2003• 126 citations
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Abstract

An algebraic method of constructing potentials for which the Schrödinger equation with position dependent mass can be solved exactly is presented. A general form of the generators of su (1,1) algebra has been employed with a unified approach to the problem. Our systematic approach reproduces a number of earlier results and also leads to some novelties. We show that the solutions of the Schrödinger equation with position dependent mass are free from the choice of parameters for position dependent mass. Two classes of potentials are constructed that include almost all exactly solvable potentials.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/36/29/315

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An algebraic method of constructing potentials for which the Schrödinger equation with position dependent mass can be solved exactly is presented. A general form of the generators of su (1,1) algebra has been employed with a unified approach to the problem. Our systematic approach reproduces a number of earlier results and also leads to some novelties. We show that the solutions of the Schrödinger equation with position dependent mass are free from the choice of parameters for position dependent mass. Two classes of potentials are constructed that include almost all exactly solvable potentials.
During recent years, exact solutions of position-dependent mass Schrödinger equations have inspired intense research activities, based on the use of point canonical transformations, Lie algebraic methods or supersymmetric quantum mechanical techniques. Here we highlight the interest of another approach to such problems, relying on quadratic algebras. We illustrate this point by constructing spectrum generating algebras for a class of d -dimensional radial harmonic oscillators with d ≥ 2 (including the one-dimensional oscillator on the line via some minor changes) and a specific mass choice. This provides us with a counterpart of the well-known su(1, 1) Lie algebraic approach to the constant-mass oscillators.
Abstract In this work, an alternative approach for finding exact solutions of Schrödinger equations with a position‐dependent mass is presented. Essentially, the method consists in transforming the position‐dependent mass Schrödinger equation into a standard constant mass Schrödinger equation. The constant mass equation is formulated in terms of a new variable and includes, as effective potential, a term related to the position‐dependent mass and another term connected with the original potential. For exactly solvable potentials, our proposal leads to a Riccati equation for an equivalent Witten superpotential, which means that this kind of problems can be studied within the quantum supersymmetric framework with the aim to find the explicit solutions and the energy spectra. To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, we consider the particular case of exactly solvable Schrödinger equations for different position‐dependent mass situations in a null potential. However, the method can directly be applied to other effective potentials as well as to find isospectral potentials for specific position‐dependent mass distributions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
The bound-state solutions and the su(1,1) description of the d-dimensional radial harmonic oscillator, the Morse, and the D-dimensional radial Coulomb Schrödinger equations are reviewed in a unified way using the point canonical transformation method. It is established that the spectrum generating su(1,1) algebra for the first problem is converted into a potential algebra for the remaining two. This analysis is then extended to Schrödinger equations containing some position-dependent mass. The deformed su(1,1) construction recently achieved for a d-dimensional radial harmonic oscillator is easily extended to the Morse and Coulomb potentials. In the last two cases, the equivalence between the resulting deformed su(1,1) potential algebra approach and a previous deformed shape invariance one generalizes to a position-dependent mass background a well-known relationship in the context of constant mass.
Using the coordinate transformation method, we solve the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass. The explicit expressions for the potentials, energy eigenvalues, and eigenfunctions of the systems are given. The eigenfunctions can be expressed in terms of the Jacobi, Hermite, and generalized Laguerre polynomials. All potentials for these solvable systems have an extra term V m , which is produced from the dependence of mass on the position, compared with those for the systems of constant mass. The properties of V m for several mass functions are discussed.
The position-dependent mass Schrodinger equation (PDMSE) comes from the O von Roos quantum Hamiltonian which models to position-dependent effective mass quantum systems. The algebraic study of its factorization is compared in this work with the factorization of the traditional constant mass Schrödinger equation so that both equations are related by similarity transformations. The approach allows building solvable cases of the PDMSE for any value of the ambiguity parameters in the general Hamiltonian of O von Roos, so it can be considered as a unified treatment of the PDMSE that contains as particular cases those Hamiltonians of various authors such as BenDaniel-Duke, Gora-Williams, Zhu-Kroemer and Li- Kuhn, among others. We explicitly show the PDMSE solutions coming from the harmonic, Morse and multiparameter exponential-type potentials. The method is general and can be easily extended to other potential models and position dependent mass distributions useful in the mathematical modeling of quantum systems.