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arXiv:quant-ph/0407164

Remote spectral measurement using entangled photons

Giuliano Scarcelli, Alejandra Valencia, Samuel Gompers, Yanhua H. Shih

Published Dec 29, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

By utilizing the frequency correlation of two-photon states produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion, the working principle of a remote spectrometer is demonstrated. With the help of a local scanning monochromator, the spectral transmission function of an optical element (or atmosphere) at remote locations can be characterized for wide range of wavelengths with expected high resolution.

DOI
10.13016/m2nlol-frhu

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By utilizing the frequency correlation of two-photon states produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion, the working principle of a remote spectrometer is demonstrated. With the help of a local scanning monochromator, the spectral transmission function of an optical element (or atmosphere) at remote locations can be characterized for wide range of wavelengths with expected high resolution.
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A new type of single-photon spectrograph combining a tunable optical filter and a dispersive element is presented for measurement of the spectral properties of the two-photon state. In comparison with the previous single-photon spectrograph which is merely based on the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique, this scheme avoids the need for additional wavelength calibration and the electronic laser trigger for coincidence measurement; therefore, its application is extended to continuous wave (CW) pumped two-photon sources. The achievable precision of the spectrum measurement has also been discussed in theory and demonstrated experimentally with a CW pumped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide-based spontaneous parametric down conversion photon source. Such a device is expected to be a versatile tool for the characterization of the frequency entangled two-photon state.
Spectrally correlated photon pairs can be used to improve performance of long range fiber based quantum communication protocols. We present a source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion producing polarization entangled photons without spectral filtering. In addition, the spectral correlation within the photon pair can be controlled by changing the pump pulse duration or coupled spatial modes characteristics. The spectral and polarization correlations were characterized. The generated photon pairs feature both positive spectral correlations, no correlations, or negative correlations and polarization entanglement with the fidelity as high as 0.97 (no background subtraction) with the expected Bell state. © 2014 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 190.4410,300.6190,270.4180,270.5565 Controlling the spectral correlations of a polariza-tion entangled photon pair produced via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) could have impor-tant benefits to applications in optical quantum infor-mation. Photonic quantum gates require pure states, which can be created by heralded sources producing pairs of spectrally decorrelated photons [1–11]. On the other
Quantum optics has attracted significant interest owing to its potential for novel applications in fields such as computing, communication, and sensing. With advancements in single photon generation and detection in the telecom band, quantum remote applications utilizing the nonlocality of entangled photon pairs are becoming increasingly viable. In this study, we demonstrate quantum remote spectroscopy by transmitting frequency entangled photons through a real-world fiber network. In the experiment, entangled photon pairs in the telecom band (photon 1 and photon 2) were generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a type-II PPMgSLT crystal using a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser (76MHz repetition rate, 792nm center wavelength). The photon pairs were separated with a fiber polarization beam splitter. Photon 1 was transmitted through a 2.6-km real-world fiber network and programmable spectral filter, serving as the sample under investigation. Both photons were detected using superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). Quantum frequency correlation, termed joint spectral intensity (JSI), was obtained as a two-dimensional histogram utilizing coincidence counting and time-stretch methods. The spectrum of photon 2, which did not transmit fiber network and spectral filter, was obtained by projecting the JSI. Although photon 1 interact with the fiber network and programmable filter, the spectrum of photon 2 exhibited strong agreement with the reference spectrum defined by programmable filter. Finally, one photon of the pair was transmitted over a 2.6km real-world fiber network with a fiber sensor. Using quantum frequency correlation, the spectral information of the fiber sensor was deduced remotely from the spectrum of the counter part of the photon, which did not directly interact with the sensor. This demonstrated the feasibility of remote spectroscopic sensing using frequency entanglement via a real-world fiber network. The findings pave the way for practical quantum remote spectroscopy, obviating the need for sophisticated spectroscopic equipment at the remote site.
Spectral properties of entangled photons generated via type-I frequency-nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion are studied theoretically and experimentally. For monochromatic pumping, the joint spectral intensity function for the photon pair is found to be symmetric even though each photon has a different central wavelength. The single-photon (first-order) interference shows the familiar triangular interferogram, usually associated with the cw-pumped frequency-degenerate type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. For broadband (ultrafast) pumping, on the other hand, the joint spectral intensity function is shown to be asymmetric, similar to the case of ultrafast-pumped frequency-degenerate type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The spectral studies reported here are expected to play an important role in developing ultrabright two-color entangled photon sources.