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arXiv:quant-ph/0404171 · Physical Review A

Entanglement dynamics in chaotic systems

Shohini Ghose, Barry C. Sanders

Published Dec 1, 2004• 64 citations
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Abstract

We study quantum chaos for systems with more than one degree of freedom, for which we present an analysis of the dynamics of entanglement. Our analysis explains the main features of entanglement dynamics and identifies entanglement-based signatures of quantum chaos. We discuss entanglement dynamics for a feasible experiment involving an atom in a magneto-optical trap and compare the results with entanglement dynamics for the well-studied quantum kicked top.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.062315

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We study quantum chaos for systems with more than one degree of freedom, for which we present an analysis of the dynamics of entanglement. Our analysis explains the main features of entanglement dynamics and identifies entanglement-based signatures of quantum chaos. We discuss entanglement dynamics for a feasible experiment involving an atom in a magneto-optical trap and compare the results with entanglement dynamics for the well-studied quantum kicked top.
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We analyze the interplay of chaos, entanglement, and decoherence in a system of qubits whose collective behavior is that of a quantum kicked top. The dynamical entanglement between a single qubit and the rest can be calculated from the mean of the collective spin operators. This allows the possibility of efficiently measuring entanglement dynamics in an experimental setting. We consider a deeply quantum regime and show that signatures of chaos are present in the dynamical entanglement for parameters accessible in an experiment that we propose using cold atoms. The evolution of the entanglement depends on the support of the initial state on regular versus chaotic Floquet eigenstates, whose phase-space distributions are concentrated on the corresponding regular or chaotic eigenstructures. We include the effect of decoherence via a realistic model and show that the signatures of chaos in the entanglement dynamics persist in the presence of decoherence. In addition, the classical chaos affects the decoherence rate itself.
The relationship between classically chaotic dynamics and the entanglement properties of the corresponding quantum system is examined in the semiclassical limit. Numerical results are computed for a modified kicked top, keeping the classical dynamics constant while investigating the entanglement for several versions of the corresponding quantum system characterized by a different value of the effective Planck constant ℏ eff. Our findings indicate that as ℏ eff → 0, the apparent signatures of classical chaos in the entanglement properties, such as characteristic oscillations in the time-dependence of the linear entropy, can also be obtained in the regular regime. These results suggest that entanglement is not a universal marker of chaotic dynamics of the corresponding classical system.
Quantum chaos is a subject whose major goal is to identify and to investigate different quantum signatures of classical chaos. Here we study entanglement production in coupled chaotic systems as a possible quantum indicator of classical chaos. We use coupled kicked tops as a model for our extensive numerical studies. We find that, in general, presence of chaos in the system produces more entanglement. However, coupling strength between two subsystems is also very important parameter for the entanglement production. Here we show how chaos can lead to large entanglement which is universal and describable by random matrix theory (RMT). We also explain entanglement production in coupled strongly chaotic systems by deriving a formula based on RMT. This formula is valid for arbitrary coupling strengths, as well as for sufficiently long time. Here we investigate also the effect of chaos on the entanglement production for the mixed initial state. We find that many properties of the mixed state entanglement production are qualitatively similar to the pure state entanglement production. We however still lack an analytical understanding of the mixed state entanglement production in chaotic systems.
We study entanglement entropy (EE) as a signature of quantum chaos in ergodic and nonergodic systems. In particular we look at the quantum kicked top and kicked rotor as multispin systems and investigate the single-spin EE which characterizes bipartite entanglement of this spin with the rest of the system. We study the correspondence of the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of the classical kicked systems with the EE of their quantum counterparts. We find that EE is a signature of global chaos in ergodic systems and local chaos in nonergodic systems. In particular, we show that EE can be maximized even when systems are highly nonergodic, when the corresponding classical system is locally chaotic. In contrast, we find evidence that the quantum analog of Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser (KAM) tori are tori of low entanglement entropy. We conjecture that entanglement should play an important role in any quantum KAM theory.