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arXiv:quant-ph/0403090

Scalable Superconducting Architecture for Adiabatic Quantum Computation

William M. Kaminsky, Seth Lloyd, Terry P. Orlando

Published Mar 11, 2004• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A scalable superconducting architecture for adiabatic quantum computers is proposed. The architecture is based on time-independent, nearest-neighbor interqubit couplings: it can handle any problem in the class NP even in the presence of measurement errors, noise, and decoherence. The implementation of this architecture with superconducting persistent-current qubits and the natural robustness of such an implementation to manufacturing imprecision and decoherence are discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0403090

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A scalable superconducting architecture for adiabatic quantum computers is proposed. The architecture is based on time-independent, nearest-neighbor interqubit couplings: it can handle any problem in the class NP even in the presence of measurement errors, noise, and decoherence. The implementation of this architecture with superconducting persistent-current qubits and the natural robustness of such an implementation to manufacturing imprecision and decoherence are discussed.
A major challenge in the field of quantum computing is the construction of scalable qubit coupling architectures. Here, we demonstrate a novel tunable coupling circuit that allows superconducting qubits to be coupled over long distances. We show that the interqubit coupling strength can be arbitrarily tuned over nanosecond time scales within a sequence that mimics actual use in an algorithm. The coupler has a measured on/off ratio of 1000. The design is self-contained and physically separate from the qubits, allowing the coupler to be used as a module to connect a variety of elements such as qubits, resonators, amplifiers, and readout circuitry over distances much larger than nearest-neighbor. Such design flexibility is likely to be useful for a scalable quantum computer.
We study the Hamiltonian of a system of inductively coupled flux qubits, which has been theoretically proposed for adiabatic quantum computation to handle NP problems. We study the evolution of a basic structure consisting of three coupled rf-SQUIDs upon tuning the external flux bias, and we show that the adiabatic nature of the evolution is guaranteed by the presence of the single-SQUID gap. We further propose a scheme and the first realization of an experimental device suitable for verifying the theoretical results.
Abstract So far, superconducting quantum computers have certain constraints on qubit connectivity, such as nearest-neighbor couplings. To overcome this limitation, we propose a scalable architecture to simultaneously connect several pairs of distant qubits via a dispersively coupled quantum bus. The building block of the bus is composed of orthogonal coplanar waveguide resonators connected through ancillary flux qubits working in the ultrastrong coupling regime. This regime activates virtual processes that boost the effective qubit–qubit interaction, which results in quantum gates on the nanosecond timescale. The interaction is switchable and preserves the coherence of the qubits.
We introduce a superconducting qubit architecture that combines high-coherence qubits and tunable qubit-qubit coupling. With the ability to set the coupling to zero, we demonstrate that this architecture is protected from the frequency crowding problems that arise from fixed coupling. More importantly, the coupling can be tuned dynamically with nanosecond resolution, making this architecture a versatile platform with applications ranging from quantum logic gates to quantum simulation. We illustrate the advantages of dynamical coupling by implementing a novel adiabatic controlled-z gate, with a speed approaching that of single-qubit gates. Integrating coherence and scalable control, the introduced qubit architecture provides a promising path towards large-scale quantum computation and simulation.
A superconducting qubit (or quantum bit), which consists of a micrometer-sized loop with three or four Josephson junctions, has two persistent currents of opposite direction as its two states. The states of the qubits, manipulated with magnetic fields and measured with a SQUID, can be brought into quantum coherence to perform quantum computing. Classical bits can also be obtained from these superconducting loops by increasing its critical current, making it possible to base a processor array architecture on these cubits (quantum bits used in a classical way). Such a classical computer might also serve as pre and post processor for the quantum computing performed in the heart of the array. Because classical and quantum computing based on the same device can be studied now simultaneously, architecture of arrays of qubits and cubits seems a good vehicle for studying the quantum computer paradigm, independently from the question whether superconducting loops will be the ultimate implementation vehicle. Other (e.g. spin-based) devices may be more successful. In this paper, the architectural issues of a heterogeneous quantum/classical computer for an implementation of Shor's factoring algorithm based on arrays of qubits and cubits, are presented.