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arXiv:quant-ph/0401125 · Journal of Modern Optics

A two species trap for chromium and rubidium atoms

S. Hensler, Axel Griesmaier, Jörg Werner, Axel Görlitz, Tilman Pfau

Published Jun 18, 2004• 17 citations
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Abstract

We realize a combined trap for bosonic chromium (52Cr) and rubidium (87Rb) atoms. Initial experiments focus on exploring a suitable loading scheme for the combined trap and on studies of new trap loss mechanisms originating from simultaneous trapping of two species. By comparing the trap loss from the 87Rb magneto-optical trap (MOT) in the absence and presence of magnetically trapped ground state 52Cr atoms we determine the scattering cross-section of σ inel,RbCr = 5.0 ± 4.0 × 10−18 m2 for light-induced inelastic collisions between the two species. Studying the trap loss from the Rb magneto-optical trap induced by the Cr cooling-laser light, the photoionization cross-section of the excited 5P3/1 state at an ionizing wavelength of 426 nm is measured to be σ P = 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−21 m2.

DOI
10.1080/09500340408232492

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arXiv:quant-ph/0603028•Physical Review A•May 24, 2006•53 citations
We realize a combined trap for bosonic chromium (52Cr) and rubidium (87Rb) atoms. Initial experiments focus on exploring a suitable loading scheme for the combined trap and on studies of new trap loss mechanisms originating from simultaneous trapping of two species. By comparing the trap loss from the 87Rb magneto-optical trap (MOT) in the absence and presence of magnetically trapped ground state 52Cr atoms we determine the scattering cross-section of σ inel,RbCr = 5.0 ± 4.0 × 10−18 m2 for light-induced inelastic collisions between the two species. Studying the trap loss from the Rb magneto-optical trap induced by the Cr cooling-laser light, the photoionization cross-section of the excited 5P3/1 state at an ionizing wavelength of 426 nm is measured to be σ P = 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−21 m2.
We demonstrate the simultaneous magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of Rb and Sr and examine the characteristic loss of Rb in the MOT due to photoionization by the cooling laser for Sr. The photoionization cross section of Rb in the 5P3/25P_{3/2}5P3/2​ state at 461 nm is determined to be 1.2×10−171.2\times10^{-17}1.2×10−17 cm2^22. It is important to consider this loss rate to realize a sufficiently large number of trapped Rb atoms to achieve a quantum degenerate mixture of Rb and Sr.
We demonstrate the simultaneous magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of Rb and Sr and examine the characteristic loss of Rb in the MOT due to photoionization by the cooling laser for Sr. The photoionization cross section of Rb in the 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ state at 461 nm is determined to be $1.4(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ cm2{}^{2}2. It is important to consider this loss rate to realize a sufficiently large number of trapped Rb atoms to achieve a quantum degenerate mixture of Rb and Sr.
We report the measurement of the photoionization cross sections of the 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ and 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ states of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in a two-species Hg and Rb magneto-optical trap (MOT) by the cooling laser for Hg. The photoionization cross sections of Rb in the 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ and 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ states at 253.7 nm are determined to be ${1}_{\ensuremath{-}1}^{+4.3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}$ and $4.63(30)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}$, respectively. To measure the 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ and 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ state fractions in the MOT we detected the photoionization rate of the 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ state by an additional 401.5 nm laser. The photoionization cross section of Rb in the 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ state at 401.5 nm is determined to be $\text{1.18(10)}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}$.
The first simultaneous cooling and confinement of two different atomic species from opposite sides of the periodic table in a dual magneto optical trap (DMOT) has been accomplished. The alkali-metal 85Rb and the noble gas 40Ar* have been simultaneously confined, characterized, and interspecies interaction parameters have been measured. The DMOT confined 1.2 × 106 85Rb atoms at a density of 1 × 1010/cm3 and 1.4 × 106 40Ar* atoms with a density of 1.2 × 1010/cm3. A collisional loss rate coefficient for Rb-Ar* has been determined to be γRb-Ar, = (4.8 ± 1.6) × 10−11cm3/s. A typical reduction of 3% of the florescence of the trapped 85Rb was observed when the 40Ar* trap was present. The loss of atoms from the dual trap is presumed to be caused by radiative escape and ionization losses, for an 40Ar* MOT it is due to Penning and associative ionization losses. An Ar* PI/AI ionization ratio of 6.7 ± 3.6 was determined, which makes the Penning ionization rate the dominant loss mechanism. The ionization rate was obtained with a SRS RGA200 mass spectrum analyzer specifically modified to work in conjunction with an ion optical field plate setup to collect the ions expelled from the MOT. The 85Rb was trapped with a 780 nm diode laser while the 40Ar* was slowed and trapped with a 811 nm Ti:sapphire laser, which was specifically modified to be locked to within 1 MHz of the atomic transition with a linewidth of ∼1 MHz. The metastable state 40Ar* was produced with a rf driven resonating cavity discharge which produced an atomic beam with an angular flux density of 4 × 1014 atoms s−1 sr−1.
We report on magneto-optical trapping of fermionic 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms. A Zeeman-slowed atomic beam provides loading rates up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We present systematic characterization of the magneto-optical trap (MOT). We obtain up to $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ atoms in the steady-state MOT. The atoms radiatively decay from the excited PPP state into metastable DDD states, and, due to the large dipolar magnetic moment of chromium atoms in these states, they can remain magnetically trapped in the quadrupole field gradient of the MOT. We study the accumulation of metastable 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms in this magnetic trap. We also report on the simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of bosonic 52Cr^{52}\mathrm{Cr}52Cr and fermionic 53Cr^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr atoms. Finally, we characterize the light-assisted collision losses in this Bose-Fermi cold mixture.