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arXiv:quant-ph/0401020

Scalable Trapped Ion Quantum Computation with a Probabilistic Ion-Photon Mapping

Luming Duan, B. B. Blinov, David L. Moehring, Christopher R. Monroe

Published Jan 5, 2004• 3 citations
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Abstract

We propose a method for scaling trapped ions for large-scale quantum computation and communication based on a probabilistic ion-photon mapping. Deterministic quantum gates between remotely located trapped ions can be achieved through detection of spontaneously-emitted photons, accompanied by the local Coulomb interaction between neighboring ions. We discuss gate speeds and tolerance to experimental noise for different probabilistic entanglement schemes.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0401020

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We propose a method for scaling trapped ions for large-scale quantum computation and communication based on a probabilistic ion-photon mapping. Deterministic quantum gates between remotely located trapped ions can be achieved through detection of spontaneously-emitted photons, accompanied by the local Coulomb interaction between neighboring ions. We discuss gate speeds and tolerance to experimental noise for different probabilistic entanglement schemes.
The scaling of controlled quantum systems to large numbers of degrees of freedom is one of the long term goals of experimental quantum information science. Trapped-ion systems are one of the most promising platforms for building a quantum information processor with enough complexity to enable novel computational power, but face serious challenges in scaling up to the necessary numbers of qubits. In this thesis, I present both technical and operational advancements in the control of trapped-ion systems and their juxtaposition with photonic modes used for quantum networking. After reviewing the basic physics behind ion trapping, I then describe in detail a new method of implementing Raman transitions in atomic systems using optical frequency combs. Several dierent experimental setups along with simple theoretical models are reviewed and the system is shown to be capable of full control of the qubit-oscillator system. Two-ion entangling operations using optical frequency combs are demonstrated along with an extension of the operation designed to suppress certain experimental errors. I then give an overview of how spatially separated ions can be entangled using a photonic interconnect. Experimental results show that pulsed excitation of trapped ions provide an excellent single photon source that can be used as a heralded entangling gate between macroscopically separated systems. This heralded entangling gate is used to show a violation of a Bell inequality while keeping the detection loophole closed and can be used a source private random numbers. Finally, the coherent Coulomb force-based gates are combined with the probabilistic photon-based gates in a proof of concept experiment that shows the feasibility of a distributed ion-photon network.
Large-scale quantum computers will require quantum gate operations between widely separated qubits. A method for implementing such operations, known as quantum gate teleportation (QGT), requires only local operations, classical communication, and shared entanglement. We demonstrate QGT in a scalable architecture by deterministically teleporting a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate between two qubits in spatially separated locations in an ion trap. The entanglement fidelity of our teleported CNOT is in the interval (0.845, 0.872) at the 95% confidence level. The implementation combines ion shuttling with individually addressed single-qubit rotations and detections, same- and mixed-species two-qubit gates, and real-time conditional operations, thereby demonstrating essential tools for scaling trapped-ion quantum computers combined in a single device.
A major challenge for quantum computation in ion trap systems is scalable integration of error correction and fault tolerance. We analyze a distributed architecture with rapid high-fidelity local control within nodes and entangled links between nodes alleviating long-distance transport. We demonstrate fault-tolerant operator measurements which are used for error correction and nonlocal gates. This scheme is readily applied to linear ion traps which cannot be scaled up beyond a few ions per individual trap but which have access to a probabilistic entanglement mechanism. A proof-of-concept system is presented which is within the reach of current experiment.