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arXiv:quant-ph/0310192 · Journal of Modern Optics

Observation of Bell inequality violation in B mesons

A. Go

Published Apr 1, 2004• 88 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A pair of B0B0 mesons from γ(45) decay exhibit EPR type non-local particle-antiparticle (flavour) correlation. It is possible to write down the Bell inequality (in the CHSH form: S  2) to test the non-locality assumption of EPR. Using semileptonic B0 decays of γ(4S) at Belle experiment, a clear violation of the Bell inequality in particle-antiparticle correlation is observed:

DOI
10.1080/09500340408233614

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Observation of Bell inequality violation in B mesons

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A pair of B0B0 mesons from γ(45) decay exhibit EPR type non-local particle-antiparticle (flavour) correlation. It is possible to write down the Bell inequality (in the CHSH form: S  2) to test the non-locality assumption of EPR. Using semileptonic B0 decays of γ(4S) at Belle experiment, a clear violation of the Bell inequality in particle-antiparticle correlation is observed:

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The neutral B-meson pair produced at the U(4S) should ex- hibit a non-local correlation of the type discussed by Einstein, Podol- ski, and Rosen. The time-dependent flavour asymmetry of the B mesons decaying into flavour eigenstates is used to test such a cor- relation. The asymmetry obtained from semileptonic B 0 decays is in agreement with the prediction from quantum mechanics and far away from the predictions of the local realistic models tested. The observation of partial decoherence in EPR systems could be a sig- nal for New Physics: we have tested for such effects, and found our results are consistent with no decoherence.

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The EPR-B Paradox Resolution. Bell inequalities revisited.

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Abstract One of the Bell’s assumptions in the original derivation of his inequalities was the hypothesis of locality, i.e., the absence of the influence of two remote measuring instruments on one another. That is why violations of these inequalities observed in experiments are often interpreted as a manifestation of the nonlocal nature of quantum mechanics, or a refutation of a local realism. It is well known that the Bell’s inequality was derived in its traditional form, without resorting to the hypothesis of locality and without the introduction of hidden variables, the only assumption being that the probability distributions are nonnegative. This can therefore be regarded as a rigorous proof that the hypothesis of locality and the hypothesis of existence of the hidden variables not relevant to violations of Bell’s inequalities. The physical meaning of the obtained results is examined. Physical nature of the violation of the Bell inequalities is explained under new EPR-B nonlocality postulate. We show that the correlations of the observables involved in the Bohm–Bell type experiments can be expressed as correlations of classical random variables. The revisited Bell type inequality in canonical notatons reads 〈AB〉 + 〈A’B〉 + 〈AB’〉 − 〈A’B’〉 ⩽ 6.

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Bell inequality is violated in B0→J/ψK*(892)0 decays

Marco E. Fabbrichesi, Roberto Floreanini B, Emidio Gabrielli A +1 more

The violation of the Bell inequality is one of the hallmarks of quantum mechanics and can be used to rule out local deterministic alternative descriptions. We utilize the data analysis published by the LHCb Collaboration on the helicity amplitudes for the decay B0→J/ψK*(892)0 to compute the entanglement among the polarizations of the final vector mesons and the violation of the Bell inequality that it entails. We find that quantum entanglement can be detected with a significance well above 5σ (nominally 84σ ) and Bell inequality is violated with a significance well above 5σ (nominally 36σ )—thereby firmly establishing these distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics at high energies in a collider setting and in the presence of strong and weak interactions. Entanglement is also present and the Bell inequality is violated in other decays of the B mesons into vector mesons, but with lesser significance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.•Feb 23, 2024•28 citations
A pair of B0B0 mesons from γ(45) decay exhibit EPR type non-local particle-antiparticle (flavour) correlation. It is possible to write down the Bell inequality (in the CHSH form: S  2) to test the non-locality assumption of EPR. Using semileptonic B0 decays of γ(4S) at Belle experiment, a clear violation of the Bell inequality in particle-antiparticle correlation is observed:
The neutral B-meson pair produced at the U(4S) should ex- hibit a non-local correlation of the type discussed by Einstein, Podol- ski, and Rosen. The time-dependent flavour asymmetry of the B mesons decaying into flavour eigenstates is used to test such a cor- relation. The asymmetry obtained from semileptonic B 0 decays is in agreement with the prediction from quantum mechanics and far away from the predictions of the local realistic models tested. The observation of partial decoherence in EPR systems could be a sig- nal for New Physics: we have tested for such effects, and found our results are consistent with no decoherence.
The decays of the B meson into vector mesons, observed during the LHCb experiment, provide an ideal laboratory to investigate particle physics phenomena with quantum information theory methods. In this article, we focus on the decays yielding a pair of ϕ mesons to investigate the presence of entanglement in the spin correlations of the system and quantify the amount of Bell inequality violation it entails. Our results show that the present LHCb data allow access to entanglement and to the Bell inequality violation with a significance exceeding the 5σ threshold in both the cases. This demonstrates that the strong and electroweak interactions responsible for the B meson decay act as a source of entanglement and the quantum mechanics nature of high-energy phenomena. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of loopholes: deficiencies in the experimental setup which could invalidate the results of the Bell test.
Entanglement and Bell inequality violation in B→ΦΦB\to \it{ΦΦ}B→ΦΦ decays
The decays of the BBB meson into vector mesons, observed at the LHCb experiment, provide an ideal laboratory to investigate particle physics phenomena with quantum information theory methods. In this article, we focus on the decays yielding a pair of Φ\itΦΦ mesons to investigate the presence of entanglement in the spin correlations of the system and quantify the amount of Bell inequality violation it entails. Our results show that the present LHCb data allows access to entanglement and to the Bell inequality violation with a significance exceeding the 5σσσ threshold in both the cases. This demonstrates that the strong and electroweak interactions responsible for the BBB meson decay act as a source of entanglement and the quantum mechanics nature of high-energy phenomena. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of loopholes: deficiencies in the experimental setup which could invalidate the results of the Bell test.
Abstract One of the Bell’s assumptions in the original derivation of his inequalities was the hypothesis of locality, i.e., the absence of the influence of two remote measuring instruments on one another. That is why violations of these inequalities observed in experiments are often interpreted as a manifestation of the nonlocal nature of quantum mechanics, or a refutation of a local realism. It is well known that the Bell’s inequality was derived in its traditional form, without resorting to the hypothesis of locality and without the introduction of hidden variables, the only assumption being that the probability distributions are nonnegative. This can therefore be regarded as a rigorous proof that the hypothesis of locality and the hypothesis of existence of the hidden variables not relevant to violations of Bell’s inequalities. The physical meaning of the obtained results is examined. Physical nature of the violation of the Bell inequalities is explained under new EPR-B nonlocality postulate. We show that the correlations of the observables involved in the Bohm–Bell type experiments can be expressed as correlations of classical random variables. The revisited Bell type inequality in canonical notatons reads 〈AB〉 + 〈A’B〉 + 〈AB’〉 − 〈A’B’〉 ⩽ 6.
The violation of the Bell inequality is one of the hallmarks of quantum mechanics and can be used to rule out local deterministic alternative descriptions. We utilize the data analysis published by the LHCb Collaboration on the helicity amplitudes for the decay B0→J/ψK*(892)0 to compute the entanglement among the polarizations of the final vector mesons and the violation of the Bell inequality that it entails. We find that quantum entanglement can be detected with a significance well above 5σ (nominally 84σ ) and Bell inequality is violated with a significance well above 5σ (nominally 36σ )—thereby firmly establishing these distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics at high energies in a collider setting and in the presence of strong and weak interactions. Entanglement is also present and the Bell inequality is violated in other decays of the B mesons into vector mesons, but with lesser significance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024