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arXiv:quant-ph/0309020

John Bell Across Space and Time

Nino Zanghı̀, Roderich Tumulka

Published Sep 1, 2003• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This is a review of the book Quantum [Un]speakables: From Bell to Quantum Information. Reinhold A. Bertlmann and Anton Zeilinger (editors).
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0309020

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The 1980s

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The results of Aspect’s experiments, in which the directions of the polarizers in the two wings of the experiment were decided so fast that there could be no interaction, still agreed with quantum theory. Bell continued to refine his ideas and gathered steadily increasing interest. He was intrigued by the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger, or GHZ, argument, which, without using inequalities, showed a clash between quantum theory and local realism, and also by the Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber, or GRW, paper, which considered the collapse of wave function rigorously. He worked on quark–antiquark (or quarkonium) systems with Reinhold Bertlmann, with the Bells and the Bertlmanns becoming close, and he also returned to the theory of accelerators, working with Mary Bell on some papers. Bell became friendly with eminent particle physicist Jum John Sakurai but, sadly, both men were to die suddenly during the decade—Bell’s death taking place in October 1990.

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I read with pleasure Reinhold Bertlmann’s article about remembrances of John Bell and his contributions to physics. Bell is famous for establishing an inequality between the prediction of quantum mechanics and local hidden-variable theories, and Bertlmann wrote that “so far, all experiments looking for violations in Bell inequalities have found them, so we have to conclude, along with John, that nature contains a nonlocality in its structure.” But that conclusion is valid only in the context of Bell’s conviction that classical “realism is the proper position for a scientist.”Experiments have revealed that the nature of reality in the quantum world is different from our experience in the classical world.11. A. Aspect, Nature 446, 866 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/446866a Properties like the direction of an electron spin and its position and momentum remain undetermined until a measurement has been performed,22. W. Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, Prometheus Books (1999), p. 44. 9781573926942 but the colors of Bertlmann’s socks are fixed after he puts them on. Albert Einstein’s famous quotation, “spooky action at a distance,”33. A. Einstein, M. Born, H. Born, The Born–Einstein Letters: Correspondence Between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916–1955, I. Born, trans., MacMillan (1971), p. 159. that appears in Bertlmann’s amusing cartoon, is also misleading, because quantum correlations for entangled electron or photon pairs also occur at atomic distance of separation—for example, in the ground state of the helium atom. What would be spooky is if those correlations were altered when the entangled pair moved apart without further interactions, but experiments have shown that this is not the case.REFERENCESSection:ChooseTop of pageREFERENCES <<CITING ARTICLES1. A. Aspect, Nature 446, 866 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/446866a, Google ScholarCrossref2. W. Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, Prometheus Books (1999), p. 44. 9781573926942, Google Scholar3. A. Einstein, M. Born, H. Born, The Born–Einstein Letters: Correspondence Between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916–1955, I. Born, trans., MacMillan (1971), p. 159. Google Scholar© 2015 American Institute of Physics.

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Comment on “Dr. Bertlmann’s Socks in a Quaternionic World of Ambidextral Reality”

Richard David Gill

I point out critical errors in the article “Dr. Bertlmann's Socks in a Quaternionic World of Ambidextral Reality” by J. Christian, published in IEEE ACCESS. Christian's model does not generate the singlet correlations but in fact simply reproduces the Bertlmann effect. John Bell's colleague Reinhold Bertlmann of CERN, in his younger days, always wore one pink and one blue sock, at random. The moment you saw his left foot, you knew what colour sock would be on his right foot. Action at a distance? As John Bell liked to explain, quantum entanglement cannot be explained away in such an easy way. Yet Christian's model assigns the two particles of the EPR-B experiment an equal and opposite spin at the source, the choice being determined by a fair coin toss. However they are measured, these spins are recovered. Christian's computer simulation works by not actually simulating his model at all but by almost directly tracing the negative cosine built into his computer algebra package. Bell's theorem has not been disproved. Debate as to what it means for the foundations of physics as well as for quantum information engineering (quantum communication, computation) is more lively today than ever before. A possible role for Geometric Algebra is still wide open and deserves further investigation, informed by a proper understanding of the mathematical content of Bell's theorem.

arXiv:2001.11338•IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2021•6 citations
The results of Aspect’s experiments, in which the directions of the polarizers in the two wings of the experiment were decided so fast that there could be no interaction, still agreed with quantum theory. Bell continued to refine his ideas and gathered steadily increasing interest. He was intrigued by the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger, or GHZ, argument, which, without using inequalities, showed a clash between quantum theory and local realism, and also by the Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber, or GRW, paper, which considered the collapse of wave function rigorously. He worked on quark–antiquark (or quarkonium) systems with Reinhold Bertlmann, with the Bells and the Bertlmanns becoming close, and he also returned to the theory of accelerators, working with Mary Bell on some papers. Bell became friendly with eminent particle physicist Jum John Sakurai but, sadly, both men were to die suddenly during the decade—Bell’s death taking place in October 1990.
I read with pleasure Reinhold Bertlmann’s article about remembrances of John Bell and his contributions to physics. Bell is famous for establishing an inequality between the prediction of quantum mechanics and local hidden-variable theories, and Bertlmann wrote that “so far, all experiments looking for violations in Bell inequalities have found them, so we have to conclude, along with John, that nature contains a nonlocality in its structure.” But that conclusion is valid only in the context of Bell’s conviction that classical “realism is the proper position for a scientist.”Experiments have revealed that the nature of reality in the quantum world is different from our experience in the classical world.11. A. Aspect, Nature 446, 866 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/446866a Properties like the direction of an electron spin and its position and momentum remain undetermined until a measurement has been performed,22. W. Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, Prometheus Books (1999), p. 44. 9781573926942 but the colors of Bertlmann’s socks are fixed after he puts them on. Albert Einstein’s famous quotation, “spooky action at a distance,”33. A. Einstein, M. Born, H. Born, The Born–Einstein Letters: Correspondence Between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916–1955, I. Born, trans., MacMillan (1971), p. 159. that appears in Bertlmann’s amusing cartoon, is also misleading, because quantum correlations for entangled electron or photon pairs also occur at atomic distance of separation—for example, in the ground state of the helium atom. What would be spooky is if those correlations were altered when the entangled pair moved apart without further interactions, but experiments have shown that this is not the case.REFERENCESSection:ChooseTop of pageREFERENCES <<CITING ARTICLES1. A. Aspect, Nature 446, 866 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/446866a, Google ScholarCrossref2. W. Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, Prometheus Books (1999), p. 44. 9781573926942, Google Scholar3. A. Einstein, M. Born, H. Born, The Born–Einstein Letters: Correspondence Between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916–1955, I. Born, trans., MacMillan (1971), p. 159. Google Scholar© 2015 American Institute of Physics.
I point out critical errors in the article “Dr. Bertlmann's Socks in a Quaternionic World of Ambidextral Reality” by J. Christian, published in IEEE ACCESS. Christian's model does not generate the singlet correlations but in fact simply reproduces the Bertlmann effect. John Bell's colleague Reinhold Bertlmann of CERN, in his younger days, always wore one pink and one blue sock, at random. The moment you saw his left foot, you knew what colour sock would be on his right foot. Action at a distance? As John Bell liked to explain, quantum entanglement cannot be explained away in such an easy way. Yet Christian's model assigns the two particles of the EPR-B experiment an equal and opposite spin at the source, the choice being determined by a fair coin toss. However they are measured, these spins are recovered. Christian's computer simulation works by not actually simulating his model at all but by almost directly tracing the negative cosine built into his computer algebra package. Bell's theorem has not been disproved. Debate as to what it means for the foundations of physics as well as for quantum information engineering (quantum communication, computation) is more lively today than ever before. A possible role for Geometric Algebra is still wide open and deserves further investigation, informed by a proper understanding of the mathematical content of Bell's theorem.