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arXiv:quant-ph/0307168

Cavity QED and Quantum Computation in the Strong Coupling Regime II : Two Atoms Case

Kazuyuki Fujii

Published Jul 24, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we study the behavior of (laser--cooled) m--atoms trapped in a cavity interacting with a photon $...$ Cavity QED $...$ and attempt to solve the Schr{ö}dinger equation of this model in the strong coupling regime. In the case of m = 2 we construct Bell--Schr{\" o}dinger cat states (in our terminology) and obtain with such bases some unitary transformations by making use of the rotating wave approximation under new resonance conditionscontaining the Bessel functions, which will be applied to construct important quantum logic gates in Quantum Computation. Moreover we propose in the case of m = 3 a crucial problem to solve on Quantum Computation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0307168

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In this paper we study the behavior of (laser--cooled) m--atoms trapped in a cavity interacting with a photon ......... Cavity QED ......... and attempt to solve the Schr{ö}dinger equation of this model in the strong coupling regime. In the case of m = 2 we construct Bell--Schr{" o}dinger cat states (in our terminology) and obtain with such bases some unitary transformations by making use of the rotating wave approximation under new resonance conditionscontaining the Bessel functions, which will be applied to construct important quantum logic gates in Quantum Computation. Moreover we propose in the case of m = 3 a crucial problem to solve on Quantum Computation.
In this paper we propose a Hamiltonian generalizing the interaction of the two--level atom and both the single radiation mode and external field ......... a kind of cavity QED. We solve the Schrodinger equation in the strong coupling regime by making use of rotating wave approximation under new resonance conditions containing the Bessel functions and etc, and obtain unitary transformations of four types corresponding to Rabi oscillations which perform quantum logic gates in Quantum Computation.
In this paper we treat a cavity QED quantum computation. Namely, we consider a model of quantum computation based on n atoms of laser-cooled and trapped linearly in a cavity and realize it as the n atoms Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian interacting with n external (laser) fields. We solve the Schr{\" o}dinger equation of the model in the weak coupling regime to construct the controlled NOT gate in the case of n=2, and to construct the controlled-controlled NOT gate in the case of n=3 by making use of several resonance conditions and rotating wave approximation associated to them. We also present an idea to construct general quantum circuits. The approach is more sophisticated than that of the paper [K. Fujii, Higashida, Kato and Wada, Cavity QED and Quantum Computation in the Weak Coupling Regime, J. Opt. B : Quantum Semiclass. Opt. {\bf 6} (2004), 502]. Our method is not heuristic but completely mathematical, and the significant feature is based on a consistent use of Rabi oscillations.
In this paper we consider a model of quantum computation based on n\mathrm{n}n atoms of laser-pooled and trapped linearly in a cavity and realize it as the n\mathrm{n}n atoms Tavis- Cummings Hamiltonian interacting with n\mathrm{n}n external (laser) fields.We solve the Schrodinger equation of the model in the case of n=2\mathrm{n}=2n=2 and construct the controlled NOT gate by making use of a resonance condition and rotating wave approximation associated to it.We also present an idea of the construction of three controlled NOT gates in the case of n=3\mathrm{n}=3n=3 , which gives the controlled-controlled NOT gate.
In this paper we consider a model of quantum computation based on n atoms, laser cooled and trapped linearly in a cavity, and realize it as the n -atom Tavis–Cummings Hamiltonian interacting with n external (laser) fields. We solve the Schrödinger equation of the model in the case of n = 2 and construct the controlled NOT gate by making use of a resonance condition and the rotating wave approximation associated with it. Our method is not heuristic but completely mathematical, and the significant feature is the consistent use of Rabi oscillations. We also present an idea for the construction of three controlled NOT gates in the case of n = 3 which gives a controlled–controlled NOT gate.
The models of a strongly-driven micromaser and a one-atom laser are developed. Their analytical solutions are obtained by means of phase space techniques. It is shown how to exploit the model of a one-atom laser for simultaneous generation and monitoring of the decoherence of the atom-field "Schrödinger cat" states. The similar machinery applied to the problem of the generation of the maximally-entangled states of two atoms placed inside an optical cavity permits its analytical solution. The steady-state solution of the problem exhibits a structure in which the two-atom maximally-entangled state correlates with the vacuum state of the cavity. As a consequence, it is demonstrated that the atomic maximally-entangled state, depending on a coupling regime, can be produced via a single or a sequence of no-photon measurements. The question of the implementation of a quantum memory device using a dispersive interaction between the collective internal ground state of an atomic ensemble and two orthogonal modes of a cavity is addressed. The problem of quantum state reconstruction in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics is considered. The optimal operational definition of the Wigner function of a cavity field is worked out. It is based on the Fresnel transform of the atomic invertion of a probe atom. The general integral transformation for the Wigner function reconstruction of a particle in an arbitrary symmetric potential is derived.
Since the photon box gedanken experiments of several of the founding fathers of modern physics, considerable progress has been made in differentiating the quantum and classical worlds. In this pursuit, the cavity as an open quantum system has been indispensable. From the quantization of the atom and field within a superconducting cavity, a unique realm of EPR type entanglement has emerged. In this way, dynamical evolution of the system in the strong coupling regime is intimately tied with the coupling of an atom with a single resonant or non-resonant mode within the cavity. More specifically, the cavity can be prepared so that the atom is detected in a desired state. Here, the essentials of the strong coupling regime of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) are reviewed for cavities tuned with a single atomic transition. A brief introduction of the systems is followed by an approach of the more striking effects, leading towards Ramsey Interferometry and Quantum Non-Demolition measurements as means for quantum gate protocol. Because the integrity of the atom and photon states is important for the advancement of quantum computation, a brief discussion of the decoherence problems is also presented. This document is meant to introduce the topic in a way that makes it easily accessible to those working in closely related areas of physics, and to highlight key applications and some basic questions concerning decoherence and the measurement problem.