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arXiv:quant-ph/0306147 · Physical Review A

Nonlinear optics via double dark resonances

Susanne F. Yelin, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Michael M. Kash, George R. Welch, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published Dec 2, 2003• 107 citations
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Abstract

Double dark resonances originate from a coherent perturbation of a system displaying electromagnetically induced transparency. We experimentally show and theoretically confirm that this leads to the possibility of extremely sharp resonances prevailing even in the presence of considerable Doppler broadening. A gas of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms is subjected to a strong drive laser and a weak probe laser and a radio frequency field, where the magnetic coupling between the Zeeman levels leads to nonlinear generation of a comb of sidebands.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.063801

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Double dark resonances originate from a coherent perturbation of a system displaying electromagnetically induced transparency. We experimentally show and theoretically confirm that this leads to the possibility of extremely sharp resonances prevailing even in the presence of considerable Doppler broadening. A gas of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms is subjected to a strong drive laser and a weak probe laser and a radio frequency field, where the magnetic coupling between the Zeeman levels leads to nonlinear generation of a comb of sidebands.
We report an experimental observation of narrow and high-contrast spectra, which are induced by interacting dark resonances and have been predicted in Phys. Rev. A 60, 3225 (1999). Spectra are measured with cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms produced by a magneto-optical trap. In this experimental system, a coupling laser and a weak probe laser form a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT); a microwave drives a magnetic-dipole transition between the fourth level and the ground state that is coupled with the excited state by the coupling laser. The observed spectral profile of probe absorption exhibits a very sharp peak emerging inside a narrow EIT dip. Such spectral feature provides more opportunities in manipulating atomic-optical response.
A scheme for large enhancement of the third-order nonlinearity in a four-level system with double dark resonances is proposed. We obtain an analytical expression for the linear susceptibility and nonlinear susceptibility of a weak probe field and show that the properties of double electromagnetically induced transparency and the Kerr nonlinearity can be modified significantly by changing the ratio of the two coupling fields. A physical understanding of our numerical results using the dressed-state approach is presented. The obtained large nonlinearity with vanishing absorption can be used to generate optical solitons, polarization phase gates and optical Kerr shutters.
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We present our experimental and theoretical studies of multi-dark-state resonances (MDSRs) generated in a unique cold rubidium atomic system with only one coupling laser beam. Such MDSRs are caused by different transition strengths of the strong coupling beam connecting different Zeeman sublevels. Controlling the transparency windows in such an electromagnetically induced transparency system can have potential applications in multiwavelength optical communication and quantum information processing.
We investigate an inhomogeneously broadened four-level atomic system driven by two strong coherent fields and probed by a weak laser. By carefully adjusting strengths of the driving fields, we can observe a greatly enhanced peak between two dark resonances in the probe absorption spectrum. The enhanced absorption peak will split into two lower ones and then result in a third dark resonance if we gradually weaken one driving field. Ultimately, the whole probe absorption spectrum evolves towards the usual EIT spectrum with only one dark resonance. Based on appropriate numerical calculations and qualitative analysis, we show that the experimental results can be well understood by separately considering the probe absorptions arising from partial atoms with different velocities.