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arXiv:quant-ph/0305046 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Entangling power of the quantum baker s map

A J Scott, Carlton M. Caves

Published Aug 27, 2003• 123 citations
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Abstract

We investigate entanglement production in a class of quantum baker's maps. The dynamics of these maps is constructed using strings of qubits, providing a natural tensor-product structure for application of various entanglement measures. We find that, in general, the quantum baker's maps are good at generating entanglement, producing multipartite entanglement amongst the qubits close to that expected in random states. We investigate the evolution of several entanglement measures: the subsystem linear entropy, the concurrence to characterize entanglement between pairs of qubits and two proposals for a measure of multipartite entanglement. Also derived are some new analytical formulae describing the levels of entanglement expected in random pure states.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/36/36/308

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We investigate entanglement production in a class of quantum baker's maps. The dynamics of these maps is constructed using strings of qubits, providing a natural tensor-product structure for application of various entanglement measures. We find that, in general, the quantum baker's maps are good at generating entanglement, producing multipartite entanglement amongst the qubits close to that expected in random states. We investigate the evolution of several entanglement measures: the subsystem linear entropy, the concurrence to characterize entanglement between pairs of qubits and two proposals for a measure of multipartite entanglement. Also derived are some new analytical formulae describing the levels of entanglement expected in random pure states.
We investigate entanglement production in a class of quantum baker's maps. The dynamics of these maps is constructed using strings of qubits, providing a natural tensor-product structure for application of various entanglement measures. We find that, in general, the quantum baker's maps are good at generating entanglement, producing multipartite entanglement amongst the qubits close to that expected in random states. We investigate the evolution of several entanglement measures: the subsystem linear entropy, the concurrence to characterize entanglement between pairs of qubits, and two proposals for a measure of multipartite entanglement. Also derived are some new analytical formulae describing the levels of entanglement expected in random pure states.
We analyze the entangling capabilities of unitary transformations U acting on a bipartite ${(d}_{1}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{d}_{2})$-dimensional quantum system. To this aim we introduce an entangling power measure e(U)e(U)e(U) given by the mean linear entropy produced acting with U on a given distribution of pure product states. This measure admits a natural interpretation in terms of quantum operations. For a uniform distribution explicit analytical results are obtained using group-theoretic arguments. The behavior of the features of e(U)e(U)e(U) as the subsystem dimensions d1{d}_{1}d1​ and d2{d}_{2}d2​ are varied is studied both analytically and numerically. The two-qubit case d1=d2=2{d}_{1}{=d}_{2}=2d1​=d2​=2 is argued to be peculiar.
We introduce two operational entanglement measures that are applicable for arbitrary multipartite (pure or mixed) states. One of them characterizes the potentiality of a state to generate other states via local operations assisted by classical communication and the other characterizes the simplicity of generating the state at hand. We show how these measures can be generalized to two classes of entanglement measures. Moreover, we compute the new measures for pure few-partite systems and use them to characterize the entanglement contained in a three-qubit state. We identify the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W state as the most powerful pure three-qubit states regarding state manipulation.
Entanglement is not only the most intriguing feature of quantum mechanics, but also a key resource in quantum information science. The entanglement content of random pure quantum states is almost maximal; such states find applications in various quantum information protocols. The preparation of a random state or, equivalently, the implementation of a random unitary operator, requires a number of elementary one- and two-qubit gates that is exponential in the number n_q of qubits, thus becoming rapidly unfeasible when increasing n_q. On the other hand, pseudo-random states approximating to the desired accuracy the entanglement properties of true random states may be generated efficiently, that is, polynomially in n_q. In particular, quantum chaotic maps are efficient generators of multipartite entanglement among the qubits, close to that expected for random states. This review discusses several aspects of the relationship between entanglement, randomness and chaos. In particular, I will focus on the following items: (i) the robustness of the entanglement generated by quantum chaotic maps when taking into account the unavoidable noise sources affecting a quantum computer; (ii) the detection of the entanglement of high-dimensional (mixtures of) random states, an issue also related to the question of the emergence of classicality in coarse grained quantum chaotic dynamics; (iii) the decoherence induced by the coupling of a system to a chaotic environment, that is, by the entanglement established between the system and the environment.
This study presents an analytical investigation of entanglement quantification in three-qubit pure states through the Acín canonical representation, which serves as a generalization of the two-qubit Schmidt decomposition. Driven by the intricacies of multipartite entanglement and the shortcomings of current measures, we employ a global concurrence measure derived from the generalized concurrence of various bipartitions within the system. The characteristics of this measure are explored both analytically and numerically across a range of SLOCC entanglement classes, such as product, biseparable, GHZ-type, and W-type states. When compared to the three-tangle and tripartite negativity, our findings indicate that this measure yields complementary insights into multipartite correlations. The outcomes underscore the significance of this measure in elucidating the structure and distribution of entanglement within three-qubit quantum systems.