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arXiv:quant-ph/0302038

Coherent control with broadband squeezed vacuum

Barak Dayan, Avi Pe’er, Asher A. Friesem, Yaron R. Silberberg

Published Feb 5, 2003• 5 citations
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Abstract

We report the experimental demonstration of coherent control with high power, broadband squeezed vacuum. Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband squeezed vacuum is shown to induce certain two-photon interactions as a coherent ultrashort pulse with the same spectral bandwidth. Utilizing pulse-shaping techniques we coherently control the sum-frequency generation of broadband squeezed vacuum over a range of two orders of magnitude. Coherent control of two-photon interactions with broadband squeezed vacuum can potentially obtain spectral resolutions and extinction ratios that are practically unattainable with coherent pulses.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0302038

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We report the experimental demonstration of coherent control with high power, broadband squeezed vacuum. Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband squeezed vacuum is shown to induce certain two-photon interactions as a coherent ultrashort pulse with the same spectral bandwidth. Utilizing pulse-shaping techniques we coherently control the sum-frequency generation of broadband squeezed vacuum over a range of two orders of magnitude. Coherent control of two-photon interactions with broadband squeezed vacuum can potentially obtain spectral resolutions and extinction ratios that are practically unattainable with coherent pulses.
We experimentally demonstrate two-photon absorption with broadband down-converted light (squeezed vacuum). Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband down-converted light can induce two-photon absorption with the same sharp temporal behavior as femtosecond pulses, while exhibiting the high spectral resolution of the narrow band pump laser. Using pulse-shaping methods, we coherently control two-photon absorption in rubidium, demonstrating spectral and temporal resolutions that are 3-5 orders of magnitude below the actual bandwidth and temporal duration of the light itself. Such properties can be exploited in various applications such as spread-spectrum optical communications, tomography, and nonlinear microscopy.
i1 Abstract: We report twocontrol experiments that exploit thecoherent correlations within the spectrum ofincoherent broadband down-converted light todemonstrate ultrahigh spectral and temporal resolutions athigh power andinherent non-classical features atlowpower. c2005Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (270.6570)Squeezed states, (270.4180)Multiphoton processes, (320.5540) Pulse shaping. Eventhough broadband down-converted light that isgenerated byanarrowband pumpcanbeconsidered as incoherent white noise, itpossesses phase andamplitude correlations between thecorresponding signal-idler modes ES(co) = E,(co, -to). Asaresult, thesignal andtheidler fields arecomplex conjugated white noise fields (1). The signal-idler correlations areinherently non-classical since their precision exceeds theclassical limit (sub-shot noise). Inthefollowing wedescribe twocoherent control experiments that exploit this coherent phase relation: One experiment demonstrates control overtwo-photon absorption (TPA) with high-power broadband down-conversion, where thetemporal resolution ofultrashort pulses iscombined with anultrahigh spectral resolution that isotherwise unattainable (1). Another experiment demonstrates control oversum-frequency generation (SFG) intheinherently non-classical low-power regime ofentangled photons. Inthat regime SFGserves asanultrafast coincidence detector andspectral phase manipulations directly affect thetwo-photon wavefunction (2,3). 1.Coherent control oftwo-photon absorption athigh-power. Theexcitation ofanarrow twophoton transition (atfrequency coo) withbroadband light isinsensitive toananti- symmetric spectral phase around tco02 (4). Since thespectral phase ofdown-converted light isanti-symmetric around thepumpfrequency c/pl2, theexcitation isasefficient aswithatransform-limited
We experimentally demonstrate shaping of the two-photon wave function of entangled-photon pairs, utilizing coherent pulse-shaping techniques. By performing spectral-phase manipulations we tailor the second-order correlation function of the photons exactly like a coherent ultrashort pulse. To observe the shaping we perform sum-frequency generation with an ultrahigh flux of entangled photons. At the appropriate conditions, sum-frequency generation performs as a coincidence detector with an ultrashort response time (approximately 100 fs), enabling a direct observation of the two-photon wave function. This property also enables us to demonstrate background-free, high-visibility two-photon interference oscillations.
We introduce a new scheme for generating short-wavelength coherent broadband radiation with well-controlled spectral characteristics. It is based on shaping long-wavelength femtosecond pulse to coherently control atomic resonance-mediated (2+1) three-photon excitation to a broad far-from-resonance continuum. Here, the spectrum (central frequency and bandwidth) of deep-ultraviolet coherent broadband radiation generated in Na vapor is experimentally controlled by tuning the linear chirp we apply to the driving phase-shaped near-infrared femtosecond pulse. This is a first step in implementing the full scheme for producing shaped femtosecond pulses at wavelengths down-to the vacuum-ultraviolet range.
Multiphoton transition probability can be manipulated by tailoring the ultrashort laser pulses. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the influence of the absorption bandwidth and line shape on the coherent control of two-photon transitions in two-level system by manipulating the femtosecond laser pulse with the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ spectral phase step. A coherent feature with a coherent peak and two coherent dips can be achieved if the absorption bandwidth is less than twice of the laser spectral bandwidth. The absorption bandwidth decides the coherent peak or dip intensity, and the absorption line shape affects the symmetry of the two coherent dips.
The coherence properties of broadband down converted light are investigated theoretically and experimentally in both the classical and quantum mechanical frameworks. Although broadband down converted light is one-photon incoherent noise, it possesses unique two-photon coherence. Thus, for performing two-photon processes, down-converted light is equivalent to coherent ultrashort pulses in some aspects and to coherent CW laser radiation in others. This equivalence is theoretically established and experimentally demonstrated in the classical, high-power regime. Two applications that take advantage of multi-photon coherence are then described in detail; one for optical spread spectrum communication and the other for sub-diffraction limit optical lithography. A key part of this research is the design and implementation of an efficient source that generates high-power broadband down conversion in a cavity. A broadband oscillation in the cavity is ensured by a mechanism very similar to passive mode-locking of ultrashort pulse laser sources, which we term as pair-wise mode locking, thus extending the equivalence to ultrashort pulses to the light generating sources also. Finally, the quantum mechanical properties of broadband down-conversion are explored experimentally, by performing a two-photon process (sum frequency generation) at the low power level of entangled photon pairs. The non-classical nature of the light is expressed by a linear intensity dependence of the non-linear process. Temporal shaping with femtosecond resolution of the entangled photon pairs is demonstrated using this non-linear interaction.