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arXiv:quant-ph/0301112 · Physical Review A

Input states for quantum gates

Alexei Gilchrist, William J. Munro, Andrew G. White

Published Apr 22, 2003• 6 citations
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Abstract

We examine three possible implementations of nondeterministic linear optical controlled NOT gates with a view to an in-principle demonstration in the near future. To this end we consider demonstrating the gates using currently available sources, such as spontaneous parametric down conversion and coherent states, and current detectors only able to distinguish between zero and many photons. The demonstration is possible in the coincidence basis and the errors introduced by the nonoptimal input states and detectors are analyzed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.040304

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We examine three possible implementations of nondeterministic linear optical controlled NOT gates with a view to an in-principle demonstration in the near future. To this end we consider demonstrating the gates using currently available sources, such as spontaneous parametric down conversion and coherent states, and current detectors only able to distinguish between zero and many photons. The demonstration is possible in the coincidence basis and the errors introduced by the nonoptimal input states and detectors are analyzed.
We describe the operation and tolerances of a nondeterministic, coincidence basis, quantum controlled-NOT gate for photonic qubits. It is constructed solely from linear optical elements and requires only a two-photon source for its demonstration. Its success probability is 1/9.1/9.1/9.
We propose a linear optical scheme to implement the nondeterministic two-qubit controlled phase gate with the certain success probability. The proposed setup involves simple linear optical elements, a pair of the two-photon polarization entangled states, and the conventional photon detectors that only distinguish the vacuum and nonvacuum Fock number states. A sophisticated single-photon detector distinguishing one or two photon states is unnecessary. This can greatly simplify the experimental realization of a linear optical quantum computer.
Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)] recently showed that nondeterministic quantum logic operations could be performed using linear optical elements, additional photons (ancilla), and postselection based on the output of single-photon detectors. Here we report the experimental demonstration of two logic devices of this kind, a destructive controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and a quantum parity check. These two devices can be combined with a pair of entangled photons to implement a conventional (nondestructive) CNOT that succeeds with a probability of 1/4.
Summary form only given. Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn (2001) showed that probabilistic quantum logic devices could be implemented using only linear optical elements, additional ancilla photons, and post-selection based on the output of single-photon detectors. These devices produce the desired result with certainty when a specific output from the detectors is obtained, but that will only occur for some fraction of the events. Here we report the experimental demonstration of two logic devices of this kind, a destructive controlled-NOT gate and a quantum parity check. In each of these devices, two polarization-encoded qubits in the form of two single photons from a parametric down-conversion source are incident on a polarizing beam splitter.
We describe a laboratory demonstration of a quantum error correction procedure that can correct intrinsic measurement errors in linear-optics quantum gates. The procedure involves a two-qubit encoding and fast feed-forward-controlled single-qubit operations. In our demonstration the qubits were represented by the polarization states of two single-photons from a parametric down-conversion source, and the real-time feed-forward control was implemented using an electro-optic device triggered by the output of single-photon detectors.