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arXiv:quant-ph/0301107 · Physical Review A

Analytical formula connecting entangled states and the closest disentangled state

Satoshi Ishizaka

Published Jun 3, 2003• 20 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The separable state closest to a given entangled state in the relative entropy measure is called the closest disentangled state. We provide an analytical formula connecting the entangled states and the closest disentangled state in two qubits. Using this formula, when any disentangled state $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ located at the entangle-disentangle boundary is given, entangled states to which $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is closest can be obtained analytically. Further, this formula naturally defines the direction normal to the boundary surface. The direction is uniquely determined by $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ in almost all cases.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.060301

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The separable state closest to a given entangled state in the relative entropy measure is called the closest disentangled state. We provide an analytical formula connecting the entangled states and the closest disentangled state in two qubits. Using this formula, when any disentangled state \ensuremathσ\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremathσ located at the entangle-disentangle boundary is given, entangled states to which \ensuremathσ\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremathσ is closest can be obtained analytically. Further, this formula naturally defines the direction normal to the boundary surface. The direction is uniquely determined by \ensuremathσ\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremathσ in almost all cases.
The long-standing problem of finding a closed formula for the relative entropy of entanglement (REE) for two qubits is addressed. A compact-form solution to the inverse problem, which characterizes an entangled state for a given closest separable state, is obtained. Analysis of the formula for a large class of entangled states strongly suggests that a compact analytical solution of the original problem, which corresponds to finding the closest separable state for a given entangled state, can be given only in some special cases. A few applications of the compact-form formula are given to show additivity of the REE, to relate the REE with the Rains upper bound for distillable entanglement, and to show that a Bell state does not have a unique closest separable state.
The relative entropy of entanglement is defined in terms of the relative entropy between an entangled state and its closest separable state (CSS). Given a multipartite-state on the boundary of the set of separable states, we find an explicit expression for all the entangled states for which this state is a CSS. Our formula holds for multipartite states in all dimensions. For the bipartite case of two qubits, our formula reduce to the one given by Miranowicz and Ishizaka [Phys. Rev. A 78, 032310 (2008)].
Abstract It is well known that for pure states the relative entropy of entanglement is equal to the reduced entropy, and the closest separable state is explicitly known as well. The same holds for Renyi relative entropy per recent results. We ask the same question for a quasi-relative entropy of entanglement, which is an entanglement measure defined as the minimum distance to the set of separable state, when the distance is measured by the quasi-relative entropy. First, we consider a maximally entangled state, and show that the closest separable state is the same for any quasi-relative entropy as for the relative entropy of entanglement. Then, we show that this also holds for a certain class of functions and any pure state. And at last, we consider any pure state on two qubit systems and a large class of operator convex function. For these, we find the closest separable state, which may not be the same one as for the relative entropy of entanglement.
We study the closest disentangled state to a given entangled state in any system (multi-party with any dimension). We obtain the set of equations the closest disentangled state must satisfy, and show that its reduction is strongly related to the extremal condition of the local filtering on each party. Although the equations we obtain are not still tractable, we find some sufficient conditions for which the closest disentangled state has the same reduction as the given entangled state. Further, we suggest a prescription to obtain a tight upper bound of the relative entropy of entanglement in two-qubit systems.
It is known that relative entropy of entanglement for an entangled state $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is defined via its closest separable (or positive partial transpose) state $\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Recently, it has been shown how to find $\ensuremath{\rho}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is given in a two-qubit system. In this article we study the reverse process, that is, how to find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is given. It is shown that if $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is of a Bell-diagonal, generalized Vedral-Plenio, or generalized Horodecki state, one can find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ from a geometrical point of view. This is possible due to the following two facts: (i) the Bloch vectors of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ are identical to each other; (ii) the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ can be computed from a crossing point between a minimal geometrical object, in which all separable states reside in the presence of Bloch vectors, and a straight line, which connects the point corresponding to the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the nearest vertex of the maximal tetrahedron, where all two-qubit states reside. It is shown, however, that these properties are not maintained for the arbitrary two-qubit states.