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arXiv:quant-ph/0211050 · Quantum Information Processing

Unitary Solutions to the Yang–Baxter Equation in Dimension Four

Heather A. Dye

Published Apr 1, 2003• 92 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1023/a:1025843426102

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We present a new class of solutions to the parameter-dependent Yang–Baxter equation across all dimensions, which includes a significant subclass of unitary and entangling solutions. In any dimension d ≥ 2 , we construct a well-structured matrix R ( u ) that exhibits intriguing and useful symmetries. A key feature of R ( u ) is its composition from four monomial-based layers: R ( u ) = R a ( u ) + R b ( u ) + R x ( u ) + R y ( u ) , where a ( u ) , b ( u ) , x ( u ) and y ( u ) are four sets of monomial complex functions of the form, a u n a , b u n b , x u n x and y u n y , respectively. This well-designed structure plays a crucial role in demonstrating that R ( u ) is indeed a solution to the Yang–Baxter equation and in establishing the conditions for its unitarity and entangling properties. Additionally, it allows us to identify interesting non-trivial subfamilies with these properties. As is widely recognized, unitary and entangling solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation serve as universal quantum logic gates for qudit quantum computing . Moreover, the search for new solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation in higher dimensions is a common endeavor in both mathematics and physics .
Unitary solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation are important to quantum information science because they lead to unitary representations of the braid group, which can be used to design quantum logic gates that make up topological quantum circuits. By finding new unitary solutions to the Generalized Yang-Baxter equation in low dimensions and classifying them, we will be able to find new representations of the braid group which may lead to new designs for quantum logic gates used in quantum computers. Because it is extremely difficult to find solutions to the Generalized Yang-Baxter equation, we will narrow our search to set-theoretical solutions, that is, solutions that are also permutation matrices.
We will present solutions to the constant Yang-Baxter equation, in any dimension nnn. More precisely, for any nnn, we will create an infinite family of n2n^2n2 by n2n^2n2 matrices which are solutions to the constant Yang-Baxter equation. The total number of non-vanishing entries of such a matrix is 4n24n^24n2 for nnn even, and 4(n−1)(n)+14(n-1)(n)+14(n−1)(n)+1 for nnn odd. We will also present the unitary conditions for those matrices. Moreover, we discuss the entangling property of those matrices.