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arXiv:quant-ph/0210169

Additivity of entanglement of formation for some special cases

Heng Fan

Published Oct 24, 2002• 2 citations
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Abstract

The proof of additivity of entanglement of formation for some special cases is given. The strong concavity of von Neumann entropy due to strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy is presented. Some general relations concerning about the entanglement of formation are proposed.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0210169

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The strong subadditivity inequality of von Neumann entropy relates the entropy of subsystems of a tripartite state ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC}$ to that of the composite system. Here, we define ${\mathbit{T}}^{(a)}({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC})$ as the extent to which ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC}$ fails to satisfy the strong subadditivity inequality $S({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{B})+S({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{C})\ensuremath{\le}S({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AB})+S({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AC})$ with equality and investigate its properties. In particular, by introducing auxiliary subsystem EEE, we consider any purification $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{ABCE}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC}$ and formulate ${\mathbit{T}}^{(a)}({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC})$ as the extent to which the bipartite quantum correlations of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AB}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AC}$, measured by entanglement of formation and quantum discord, change under the transformation $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}BE$ and $C\ensuremath{\rightarrow}CE$. Invariance of quantum correlations of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AB}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{AC}$ under such transformation is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition for vanishing ${\mathbit{T}}^{(a)}({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{ABC})$. Our approach allows one to characterize, intuitively, the structure of states for which the strong subadditivity is saturated. Moreover, along with providing a conservation law for quantum correlations of states for which the strong subadditivity inequality is satisfied with equality, we find that such states coincide with those that the Koashi-Winter monogamy relation is saturated.
Does the sum of correlations in subsystems constitute the correlation in the total system? Such a concept can be expressed by an additivity relationship of correlations. From a strong subadditivity condition of von Neumann entropy, four different additivity relations in total correlation are derived and quantified. Based upon the classification of the additivity in total correlation, we identify the corresponding additive relationships in entanglement. It is also discussed that similar relationships are satisfied for quantum discord of pure states, but it is not always true for mixed states.
This article presents self-contained proofs of the strong subadditivity inequality for von Neumann’s quantum entropy, S(ρ), and some related inequalities for the quantum relative entropy, most notably its convexity and its monotonicity under stochastic maps. Moreover, the approach presented here, which is based on Klein’s inequality and Lieb’s theorem that the function A→Tr eK+log A is concave, allows one to obtain conditions for equality. In the case of strong subadditivity, which states that S(ρ123)+S(ρ2)⩽S(ρ12)+S(ρ23) where the subscripts denote subsystems of a composite system, equality holds if and only if log ρ123=log ρ12−log ρ2+log ρ23. Using the fact that the Holevo bound on the accessible information in a quantum ensemble can be obtained as a consequence of the monotonicity of relative entropy, we show that equality can be attained for that bound only when the states in the ensemble commute. The article concludes with an Appendix giving a short description of Epstein’s elegant proof of Lieb’s theorem.