Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0209058

Probabilistic quantum error correction

Jesse Fern, John Terilla

Published Sep 6, 2002• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

There are well known necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum code to correct a set of errors. We study weaker conditions under which a quantum code may correct errors with probabilities that may be less than one. We work with stabilizer codes and as an application study how the nine qubit code, the seven qubit code, and the five qubit code perform when there are errors on more than one qubit. As a second application, we discuss the concept of syndrome quality and use it to suggest a way that quantum error correction can be practically improved.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0209058

Related papers

How Often Must We Apply Syndrome Measurements

Yaakov S. Weinstein

Quantum error correction requires encoding quantum information into a quantum error correction code and measuring error syndromes to detect and identify possible errors. Quantum fault tolerance typically assumes that syndrome measurements are applied after every logical gate at great expense both in time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that not only is this not necessary, but that we may achieve greater accuracy when applying syndrome measurements less often. Our simulations are performed within the [[7,1,3]] quantum error correction code but may be applicable to a broad range of codes.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 3, 2015•0 citations

Quantum error correction and quantum computation

G. Alber, A. Delgado, M. Mussinger

In order to stabilize quantum algorithms against decoherence one has to fulfill two requirements. Firstly, one has to develop an appropriate quantum error correcting code. Secondly, one has to find a set of suitable unitary quantum transformations acting on the physical qubits which preserve the properties of this error correcting quantum code and which allow the implementation of a universal set of quantum gates. This is a challenging task in particular if we restrict ourselves to a limited class of two-particle interactions by which the physical qubits can be controlled. For the special cases of four and six physical qubits we discuss a set of such quantum gates which satisfy these two conditions for the recently developed detected-jump correcting quantum codes [1]. These quantum codes are capable of stabilizing distinguishable qubits against decoherence arising from spontaneous decay processes.

Laser Physics•Jan 1, 2002•0 citations

Simulating the Effects of Quantum Error-correction Schemes

J. Niwa, Keiji Matsumoto, Imai, Hiroshi

It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is necessary to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states because error-correction process (i.e., encoding, decoding, syndrome measurement and recovery) itself induces an error. By using simulation, this paper investigates the effects of some important QEC codes (the five qubit code, the seven qubit code and the nine qubit code) and their fault-tolerant operations when the error-correction process itself induces an error. The corresponding results, statistics and analyses are presented in this paper.

arXiv:quant-ph/0211071•Nov 13, 2002•5 citations

How often must we apply syndrome measurements?

Yaakov S. Weinstein

Quantum error correction requires encoding quantum information into a quantum error correction code and measuring error syndromes to detect and identify possible errors. Quantum fault tolerance typically assumes that syndrome measurements are applied after every logical gate at great expense both in time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that not only is this not necessary, but that we may achieve greater accuracy when applying syndrome measurements less often. Our simulations are performed within the [7,1,3] quantum error correction code but may be applicable to a broad range of codes.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 21, 2015•0 citations

Theory of quantum error-correcting codes

Emanuel H. Knill, Raymond Laflamme

Quantum error correction will be necessary for preserving coherent states against noise and other unwanted interactions in quantum computation and communication. We develop a general theory of quantum error correction based on encoding states into larger Hilbert spaces subject to known interactions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the perfect recovery of an encoded state after its degradation by an interaction. The conditions depend only on the behavior of the logical states. We use them to give a recovery-operator-independent definition of error-correcting codes. We relate this definition to four others: the existence of a left inverse of the interaction, an explicit representation of the error syndrome using tensor products, perfect recovery of the completely entangled state, and an information theoretic identity. Two notions of fidelity and error for imperfect recovery are introduced, one for pure and the other for entangled states. The latter is more appropriate when using codes in a quantum memory or in applications of quantum teleportation to communication. We show that the error for entangled states is bounded linearly by the error for pure states. A formal definition of independent interactions for qubits is given. This leads to lower bounds on the number of qubits required to correct e errors and a formal proof that the classical bounds on the probability of error of e-error-correcting codes applies to e-error-correcting quantum codes, provided that the interaction is dominated by an identity component.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1997•1,593 citations

Quantum correction with three codes

Aziz Mouzali, Fatiha Merazka

In this paper, we provise an implementation of five, seven and nine-qubits error correcting codes on a classical computer using the quantum simulator Feynman program. We also compare the three codes by computing the fidelity when double errors occurs in a depolarizing channel. As triple errors and more are considered very unlikely, it has negligible effect on the next results

arXiv:1409.7853•Sep 27, 2014•0 citations
There are well known necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum code to correct a set of errors. We study weaker conditions under which a quantum code may correct errors with probabilities that may be less than one. We work with stabilizer codes and as an application study how the nine qubit code, the seven qubit code, and the five qubit code perform when there are errors on more than one qubit. As a second application, we discuss the concept of syndrome quality and use it to suggest a way that quantum error correction can be practically improved.
Quantum error correction requires encoding quantum information into a quantum error correction code and measuring error syndromes to detect and identify possible errors. Quantum fault tolerance typically assumes that syndrome measurements are applied after every logical gate at great expense both in time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that not only is this not necessary, but that we may achieve greater accuracy when applying syndrome measurements less often. Our simulations are performed within the [[7,1,3]] quantum error correction code but may be applicable to a broad range of codes.
In order to stabilize quantum algorithms against decoherence one has to fulfill two requirements. Firstly, one has to develop an appropriate quantum error correcting code. Secondly, one has to find a set of suitable unitary quantum transformations acting on the physical qubits which preserve the properties of this error correcting quantum code and which allow the implementation of a universal set of quantum gates. This is a challenging task in particular if we restrict ourselves to a limited class of two-particle interactions by which the physical qubits can be controlled. For the special cases of four and six physical qubits we discuss a set of such quantum gates which satisfy these two conditions for the recently developed detected-jump correcting quantum codes [1]. These quantum codes are capable of stabilizing distinguishable qubits against decoherence arising from spontaneous decay processes.
It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is necessary to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states because error-correction process (i.e., encoding, decoding, syndrome measurement and recovery) itself induces an error. By using simulation, this paper investigates the effects of some important QEC codes (the five qubit code, the seven qubit code and the nine qubit code) and their fault-tolerant operations when the error-correction process itself induces an error. The corresponding results, statistics and analyses are presented in this paper.
Quantum error correction requires encoding quantum information into a quantum error correction code and measuring error syndromes to detect and identify possible errors. Quantum fault tolerance typically assumes that syndrome measurements are applied after every logical gate at great expense both in time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that not only is this not necessary, but that we may achieve greater accuracy when applying syndrome measurements less often. Our simulations are performed within the [7,1,3] quantum error correction code but may be applicable to a broad range of codes.
Quantum error correction will be necessary for preserving coherent states against noise and other unwanted interactions in quantum computation and communication. We develop a general theory of quantum error correction based on encoding states into larger Hilbert spaces subject to known interactions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the perfect recovery of an encoded state after its degradation by an interaction. The conditions depend only on the behavior of the logical states. We use them to give a recovery-operator-independent definition of error-correcting codes. We relate this definition to four others: the existence of a left inverse of the interaction, an explicit representation of the error syndrome using tensor products, perfect recovery of the completely entangled state, and an information theoretic identity. Two notions of fidelity and error for imperfect recovery are introduced, one for pure and the other for entangled states. The latter is more appropriate when using codes in a quantum memory or in applications of quantum teleportation to communication. We show that the error for entangled states is bounded linearly by the error for pure states. A formal definition of independent interactions for qubits is given. This leads to lower bounds on the number of qubits required to correct e errors and a formal proof that the classical bounds on the probability of error of e-error-correcting codes applies to e-error-correcting quantum codes, provided that the interaction is dominated by an identity component.