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arXiv:quant-ph/0205170

Exact solutions of time-dependent three-generator systems

Shen, Jian-Qi, Hongyi Zhu, Chen, Pan

Published May 27, 2002• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

There exist a number of typical and interesting systems or models which possess three-generator Lie-algebraic structure in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear physics and laser physics. The well-known fact that all simple 3-generator algebras are either isomorphic to the algebra $sl(2,C)$ or to one of its real forms enables us to treat these time-dependent quantum systems in a unified way. By making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation, the present paper obtains exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equations governing various three-generator quantum systems. For some quantum systems whose time-dependent Hamiltonians have no quasialgebraic structures, we show that the exact solutions can also be obtained by working in a sub-Hilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved generator (i.e., the time-independent invariant that commutes with the time-dependent Hamiltonian). The topological property of geometric phase factors in time-dependent systems is briefly discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0205170

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There exist a number of typical and interesting systems or models which possess three-generator Lie-algebraic structure in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear physics and laser physics. The well-known fact that all simple 3-generator algebras are either isomorphic to the algebra sl(2,C)sl(2,C)sl(2,C) or to one of its real forms enables us to treat these time-dependent quantum systems in a unified way. By making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation, the present paper obtains exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equations governing various three-generator quantum systems. For some quantum systems whose time-dependent Hamiltonians have no quasialgebraic structures, we show that the exact solutions can also be obtained by working in a sub-Hilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved generator (i.e., the time-independent invariant that commutes with the time-dependent Hamiltonian). The topological property of geometric phase factors in time-dependent systems is briefly discussed.
By utilizing the property of the supersymmetric structure in the two-level multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model, an invariant is constructed in terms of the supersymmetric generators by working in the sub-Hilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved supersymmetric generators. We obtain the exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation which describes the time-dependent supersymmetric two-level three-photon Jaynes-Cummings model (TLTJCM) by using the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation. The case under the adiabatic approximation is also discussed. Keywords: Supersymmetric Jaynes-Cummings model; exact solutions; invariant theory; geometric phase factor; adiabatic approximation
A representation of invariants in quantum mechanics for a general time-dependent Hamiltonian is provided. The main properties of these operators and their relevance for solving the Schrödinger equation are discussed in light of this representation. In particular, the well-known Lewis and Riesenfeld’s method is shown to be recovered quite directly by the present approach. A detailed analysis is concerned with Hamiltonians which at each instant are elements of a finite dimensional Lie algebra. Exploiting the Wei and Norman’s theory for such Hamiltonians, it is found that the evolution of a quantum system is always determined, in part or fully, by an invariant which belongs to the same algebra.
In this paper we investigate time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which consist of SU(1,1) and SU(2) generators. The former Hamiltonian is PT symmetric but the latter one is not. A time-dependent non-unitary operator is proposed to construct the non-Hermitian invariant, which is verified as pseudo-Hermitian with real eigenvalues. The exact solutions are obtained in terms of the eigenstates of the pseudo-Hermitian invariant operator for both the SU(1,1) and SU(2) systems in a unified manner. Then, we derive the Lewis–Riesenfeld (LR) phase, which can be separated into the dynamic and the geometrical phases. The analytical results are well consistent with those of the corresponding Hermitian Hamiltonians reported in the literature.
By making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory, the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the time-dependent linear potential corresponding to the quadratic-form Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) is obtained in the present paper. It is emphasized that in order to obtain the general solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, one should first find the complete set of Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants. For the present quantum system with a time-dependent linear potential, the linear Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t) and quadratic Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) (where the latter Iq(t)I_{\rm q}(t)Iq​(t) cannot be written as the squared of the former Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t), {\it i.e.}, the relation Iq(t)=cIl2(t)I_{\rm q}(t)= cI_{\rm l}^{2}(t)Iq​(t)=cIl2​(t) does not hold true always) will form a complete set of Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants. It is also shown that the solution obtained by Bekkar {\it et al.} more recently is the one corresponding to the linear Il(t)I_{\rm l}(t)Il​(t), one of the invariants that form the complete set. In addition, we discuss some related topics regarding the comment [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 016101 (2003)] of Bekkar {\it et al.} on Guedes's work [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 63}, 034102 (2001)] and Guedes's corresponding reply [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 68}, 016102 (2003)].
The present paper finds the complete set of exact solutions of the general time-dependent dynamical models for quantum decoherence, by making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation. Based on this, the general explicit expression for the decoherence factor is then obtained and the adiabatic classical limit of an illustrative example is discussed. The result (i.e., the adiabatic classical limit) obtained in this paper is consistent with what obtained by other authors, and futhermore we obtain the more general results concerning the time-dependent non-adiabatic quantum decoherence. It is shown that the invariant theory is appropriate for treating both the time-dependent quantum decoherence and the geometric phase factor.
The present paper finds the complete set of exact solutions of the general time-dependent dynamical models for quantum decoherence, by making use of the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation. Based on this, the general explicit expression for the decoherence factor is then obtained and the adiabatic classical limit of an illustrative example is discussed. The result (i.e., the adiabatic classical limit) obtained in this paper is consistent with what is obtained by other authors, and furthermore we obtain more general results concerning time-dependent nonadiabatic quantum decoherence. It is shown that the invariant theory is appropriate for treating both the time-dependent quantum decoherence and the geometric phase factor. PACS Nos.: 03.65.Ge, 03.65.Bz