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arXiv:quant-ph/0204060 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Super-Poissonian intensity fluctuations and correlations between pump and probe fields in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Carlos L. Garrido Alzar, Luciano Soares da Cruz, J. G. Aguirre Gómez, Marcelo França Santos, P. Nussenzveig

Published Feb 1, 2003• 52 citations
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Abstract

We have measured the intensity fluctuations of pump and probe beams after interaction with Rb atoms in a situation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Both fields present super-Poissonian statistics and their intensities become correlated, in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions in which both fields are treated quantum-mechanically. The intensity correlations measured are a first step towards the observation of entanglement between the fields.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i2003-00155-0

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We have measured the intensity fluctuations of pump and probe beams after interaction with Rb atoms in a situation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Both fields present super-Poissonian statistics and their intensities become correlated, in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions in which both fields are treated quantum-mechanically. The intensity correlations measured are a first step towards the observation of entanglement between the fields.
Using two different criteria for continuous variable systems we demonstrated that pump and probe beams became quantum correlated in a situation of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a sample of Rb atoms. Our result combines two important features for practical implementations in the field of quantum information processing. Namely, we proved the existence of entanglement between two macroscopic light beams, and this entanglement is intrinsically associated to a strong coherence in an atomic medium.
Summary form only given. The second-order correlation function of the intensity is a measurement of the intensity fluctuations and their enhancement or suppression relative to an ideal laser field. It is a sensitive probe of the dynamic processes involved in producing the light. We have measured the correlation function of the photons escaping from a cavity QED system consisting of a high-finesse interferometer traversed by an atomic beam of optically pumped Rb atoms. We observe nonclassical correlations, exhibiting antibunching and sub-Poissonian statistics.
We present a series of experiments measuring intensity fluctuations and correlations of laser beams after propagation through an atomic vapour at room temperature in situations where coherent effects play a major role. In particular, we investigate these properties in the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in three-level lambda systems and in degenerate two-level systems. In a similar way, we also study the Hanle-EIT effect and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in degenerate two-level systems. These results show the great influence of coherent interaction with the atomic system over the noise properties of the macroscopic laser fields, and indicate new sensitive ways of probing an atomic sample.
We report a detailed investigation on the properties of intensity correlation spectra for laser beams interacting with cold atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We describe the transition of their intensity fluctuations from correlation to anticorrelation as the mean intensity of the fields increases. Such a transition occurs for laser frequencies around the EIT resonance, which is characterized by a correlation peak. The transition point between correlation and anticorrelation is independent of power broadening and provides directly the ground-state coherence time. We introduce a method to extract in real time the correlation spectra of the system. The experiments were done in two distinct magneto-optical traps, one for cesium and the other for rubidium atoms, employing different detection schemes. A simplified theory is introduced assuming three-level atoms in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration interacting with a laser with stochastic phase fluctuations, providing a good agreement with the experimental observations.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
The quantum fluctuations of optical beams are highly correlated in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The intensity fluctuations are enhanced by conversion of phase noise to intensity noise in atomic vapour. We have studied spectra of intensity fluctuations in dense rubidium vapour for different laser beam powers. Observed excess noise spectrum is broader than EIT window at the same optical power. Both spectral widths are proportional to the laser beam intensity. By using signal subtraction scheme we can reduce amplitude of the fluctuations to close the photonic short noise level. This result confirms the high degrees of intensity correlations and can be used to improve quality of optical atomic clocks.