Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0110095 · Physical Review Letters

Do All Pure Entangled States Violate Bell’s Inequalities for Correlation Functions?

Marek Żukowski, Časlav Brukner, Wiesław Laskowski, Marcin Wieśniak

Published May 9, 2002• 111 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Any pure entangled state of two particles violates a Bell inequality for two-particle correlation functions (Gisin's theorem). We show that there exist pure entangled N>2 qubit states that do not violate any Bell inequality for N particle correlation functions for experiments involving two dichotomic observables per local measuring station. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.88.210402

Related papers

Gisin's theorem cannot be generalized to all multi-particle states

Marek Żukowski, Časlav Brukner, Wiesław Laskowski +1 more

Gisin's theorem states that any pure entangled state of two particles violates Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality which is a bound on correlations between measurements on two particles obtained within local realistic picture. We find that this theorem cannot be generalized to all multi-particle states for the case where measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. In particular we find a family of pure entangled states of N qubits which do not violate any Bell inequality for correlations between such measurements. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description of correlations.

•Oct 15, 2001•1 citation

All Entangled Pure States Violate a Single Bell’s Inequality

Sixia Yu, Qing Chen, Chengjie Zhang +2 more

We show that a single Bell's inequality with two dichotomic observables for each observer, which originates from Hardy's nonlocality proof without inequalities, is violated by all entangled pure states of a given number of particles, each of which may have a different number of energy levels. Thus Gisin's theorem is proved in its most general form from which it follows that for pure states Bell's nonlocality and quantum entanglement are equivalent.

arXiv:1205.1179•Physical Review Letters•Sep 19, 2012•90 citations

On Bell's theorem for N‐qubits

Marek Żukowski, Časlav Brukner

Abstract We present a single general Bell inequality that summarizes all possible Bell type constrains on the correlation function for the N‐particle system (i.e., it is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of local realistic models for the correlation function). It is applicable in the case when measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an arbitrary N‐qubit mixed state to violate this general Bell inequality.

Fortschritte der Physik•Apr 24, 2003•0 citations

Analytical proof of Gisin’s theorem for three qubits

Sujit K. Choudhary, Sibasish Ghosh A, Guruprasad Kar +1 more

Gisin's theorem assures that for any pure bipartite entangled state, there is violation of the inequality of Bell and of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt, revealing its contradiction with local realistic model. Whether a similar result holds for three-qubit pure entangled states remained unresolved. We show analytically that all three-qubit pure entangled states violate a Bell-type inequality, derived on the basis of local realism, by exploiting the Hardy's nonlocality argument.

arXiv:0901.1669•Physical Review A•Apr 14, 2010•26 citations

Bell’s Theorem for GeneralN-Qubit States

Marek Żukowski, Časlav Brukner

We derive a single general Bell inequality which is a sufficient and necessary condition for the correlation function for N particles to be describable in a local and realistic picture, for the case in which measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an arbitrary N-qubit mixed state to violate this inequality. This condition is a generalization and reformulation of the Horodecki family condition for two qubits.

arXiv:quant-ph/0102039•Physical Review Letters•May 9, 2002•422 citations

Gisin's Theorem for Three Qubits

Jing‐Ling Chen, Chunfeng Wu, L. C. Kwek +1 more

We present a theorem that all generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of a three-qubit system violate a Bell inequality in terms of probabilities. All pure entangled states of a three-qubit system are shown to violate a Bell inequality for probabilities; thus, one has Gisin's theorem for three qubits.

arXiv:quant-ph/0311180•Physical Review Letters•Sep 29, 2004•84 citations
Any pure entangled state of two particles violates a Bell inequality for two-particle correlation functions (Gisin's theorem). We show that there exist pure entangled N>2 qubit states that do not violate any Bell inequality for N particle correlation functions for experiments involving two dichotomic observables per local measuring station. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description.
Gisin's theorem states that any pure entangled state of two particles violates Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality which is a bound on correlations between measurements on two particles obtained within local realistic picture. We find that this theorem cannot be generalized to all multi-particle states for the case where measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. In particular we find a family of pure entangled states of N qubits which do not violate any Bell inequality for correlations between such measurements. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description of correlations.
Abstract We present a single general Bell inequality that summarizes all possible Bell type constrains on the correlation function for the N‐particle system (i.e., it is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of local realistic models for the correlation function). It is applicable in the case when measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an arbitrary N‐qubit mixed state to violate this general Bell inequality.
We derive a single general Bell inequality which is a sufficient and necessary condition for the correlation function for N particles to be describable in a local and realistic picture, for the case in which measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an arbitrary N-qubit mixed state to violate this inequality. This condition is a generalization and reformulation of the Horodecki family condition for two qubits.