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arXiv:quant-ph/0109007 · Physical Review A

Arbitrated quantum-signature scheme

Guihua Zeng, Christoph H. Keitel

Published Apr 1, 2002• 438 citations
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Abstract

The general principle for a quantum-signature scheme is proposed and investigated based on ideas from classical signature schemes and quantum cryptography. The suggested algorithm is implemented by a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states and relies on the availability of an arbitrator. We can guarantee the unconditional security of the algorithm, mostly due to the correlation of the GHZ triplet states and the use of quantum one-time pads.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.042312

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Recently, many arbitrated quantum signature schemes have been proposed and analyzed [1– 8]. Most of the proposed quantum signature schemes have used the optimal quantum one-time encryptions [9,10] based on Pauli operators to guarantee unconditional security and perform the efficient schemes. However, it has been shown that the schemes are not secure by Choi et al. [11]. They have provided a new method to recover security against the proposed attack. Here, we consider arbitrated quantum signature schemes modified by the new method and analyze the security of the schemes for known and unknown quantum messages against the more general attack.

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The general principle for a quantum-signature scheme is proposed and investigated based on ideas from classical signature schemes and quantum cryptography. The suggested algorithm is implemented by a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) triplet states and relies on the availability of an arbitrator. We can guarantee the unconditional security of the algorithm, mostly due to the correlation of the GHZ triplet states and the use of quantum one-time pads.
An authentic digital signature scheme based on the correlation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented. In this scheme, by performing a local unitary operation on the third particles of each GHZ triplet, Alice can encode message M and get its signature S. Bob performs CNOT operation on the combined GHZ triplets can recovery the message M and directly authenticates Alice's signature S. Our scheme was designed to use quantum secret key to guaranteed unconditional security, as well as use quantum fingerprinting to avoid trick attacks and reduce communication complexity.
Quantum signature combines quantum theory with classical digital signature. The main goal of this field is to take advantage of quantum effects to provide unconditionally secure signature. We present a quantum signature scheme with message recovery without using entangle effect. The most important property of the present scheme is that it is not necessary for the scheme to use Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. The security of the scheme relies on the quantum one-time pad and quantum key distribution. The efficiency analysis shows that the proposed scheme is an efficient scheme
In an arbitrated quantum signature scheme, the signatory signs the message and the receiver verifies the signature's validity with the assistance of the arbitrator. We present an arbitrated quantum signature scheme using two-particle entangled Bell states similar to the previous scheme using three-particle entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states [G. H. Zeng and C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. A 65, 042312 (2002)]. The proposed scheme can preserve the merits in the original scheme while providing a higher efficiency in transmission and reducing the complexity of implementation.
Quantum digital signature combines quantum theory with classical digital signature. The main goal of this field is to take advantage of quantum effects to provide unconditionally secure signature. We present a quantum signature scheme with message recovery without using entangle effect. The most important property of the proposed scheme is that it is not necessary for the scheme to use Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. The present scheme utilizes single photons to achieve the aim of signature and verification. The security of the scheme relies on the quantum one-time pad and quantum key distribution. The efficiency analysis shows that the proposed scheme is an efficient scheme.
Recently, many arbitrated quantum signature schemes have been proposed and analyzed [1– 8]. Most of the proposed quantum signature schemes have used the optimal quantum one-time encryptions [9,10] based on Pauli operators to guarantee unconditional security and perform the efficient schemes. However, it has been shown that the schemes are not secure by Choi et al. [11]. They have provided a new method to recover security against the proposed attack. Here, we consider arbitrated quantum signature schemes modified by the new method and analyze the security of the schemes for known and unknown quantum messages against the more general attack.