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arXiv:quant-ph/0107156 · Quantum Information and Computation

Photonic entanglement for fundamental tests and quantum communication

Wolfgang Tittel, Gregor Weihs

Published Aug 1, 2001• 144 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement is at the heart of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics like tests of Bell-inequalities and, as discovered lately, of quantum computation and communication. Their technological advance made entangled photons play an outstanding role in entanglement physics. We give a generalized concept of qubit entanglement and review the state of the art of photonics experiments.

DOI
10.26421/qic1.2-2

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Quantum entanglement is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics and has profound implications for quantum computing and cryptography. This article explores the theoretical underpinnings of quantum entanglement in photonic systems, its application in quantum computing with qubits, and its role in quantum cryptography. We present the mathematical models and verification through simulations, including Bell test experiments and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. The results shows the feasibility of photonic qubits in secure communication and highlight future prospects for practical applications.
Entanglement, according to the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger the Essence of Quantum Mechanics, has been known for a long time now to be the source of a number of paradoxical and counterintuitive phenomena. Of those the most remarkable one is usually called non-locality and it is at the heart of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and of the fact that Quantum Mechanics violates Bell’s inequalities. Recent years saw an emergence of novel ideas in entanglement of three or more particles. Most recently it turned out that entanglement is an important concept in the development of quantum communication, quantum cryptography and quantum computation. First explicit experimental realizations with two or more photons include quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation.
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