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arXiv:quant-ph/0107036 · Physical Review Letters

Efficient Quantum Computing of Complex Dynamics

Giuliano Benenti, Giulio Casati, Simone Montangero, Dima L. Shepelyansky

Published Nov 9, 2001• 95 citations
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Abstract

We propose a quantum algorithm which uses the number of qubits in an optimal way and efficiently simulates a physical model with rich and complex dynamics described by the quantum sawtooth map. The numerical study of the effect of static imperfections in the quantum computer hardware shows that the main elements of the phase space structures are accurately reproduced up to a time scale which is polynomial in the number of qubits. The errors generated by these imperfections are more significant than the errors of random noise in gate operations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.87.227901

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We propose a quantum algorithm which uses the number of qubits in an optimal way and efficiently simulates a physical model with rich and complex dynamics described by the quantum sawtooth map. The numerical study of the effect of static imperfections in the quantum computer hardware shows that the main elements of the phase space structures are accurately reproduced up to a time scale which is polynomial in the number of qubits. The errors generated by these imperfections are more significant than the errors of random noise in gate operations.
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We model the quantum computer hardware as a two-dimensional lattice of qubits with static imperfections, i.e. fluctuations in individual qubit energies and residual short-range inter-qubit couplings. We show that these imperfections can lead to the emergence of quantum chaos and dynamical thermalization also in a quantum computer ideally decoupled from the environment. We discuss their effect on the stability of (i) the quantum computer hardware and (ii) an efficient quantum algorithm simulating a physical model with rich and complex dynamics described by the quantum sawtooth map.
We show that a quantum computer operating with a small number of qubits can simulate the dynamical localization of classical chaos in a system described by the quantum sawtooth map model. The dynamics of the system is computed efficiently up to a time t> l,t>~\mathcal{l},t> l, and then the localization length l\mathcal{l}l can be obtained with accuracy $\ensuremath{\nu}$ by means of order $1/{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{2}$ computer runs, followed by coarse-grained projective measurements on the computational basis. We also show that in the presence of static imperfections, a reliable computation of the localization length is possible without error correction up to an imperfection threshold which drops polynomially with the number of qubits.
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We discuss the quantum algorithms simulating complex dynamics on quantum computers in presence of imperfections. The effects of random errors and static imperfections for quantum gates are analyzed. We also study numerically how a sound signal stored in a quantum computer can be recognized and restored with a minimal number of measurements in presence of random quantum gate errors. A method developed uses elements of MP3 sound compression and allows to recover human speech and sound of complex quantum wavefunctions.
We investigate a quantum algorithm that simulates efficiently the quantum kicked rotator model, a system that displays rich physical properties and enables to study problems of quantum chaos, atomic physics, and localization of electrons in solids. The effects of errors in gate operations are tested on this algorithm in numerical simulations with up to 20 qubits. In this way various physical quantities are investigated. Some of them, such as second moment of probability distribution and tunneling transitions through invariant curves, are shown to be particularly sensitive to errors. However, investigations of the fidelity and the Wigner and Husimi distributions show that these physical quantities are robust in presence of imperfections. This implies that the algorithm can simulate the dynamics of quantum chaos in presence of a moderate amount of noise.