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arXiv:quant-ph/0107001 · Physics Letters A

Position measuring interactions and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Masanao Ozawa

Published Jun 1, 2002• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(02)00659-x

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Position measuring interactions and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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A prevailing formulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is re-examined that measuring position with noise $\\epsilon$ brings the momentum disturbance no less than $\\hbar/2\\epsilon$. With rigorous formulations of noise and disturbance, a model of a measuring interaction demonstrates that this formulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is by no means universally valid. An experimental realization of the model is also suggested.

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In 1927 Heisenberg has invented the uncertainty principle. The principle of uncertainty is, "It is impossible to determine the position and momentum of a particle at the same time."The more accurately the momentum is measured, the more uncertain the position will be. Just knowing the position would make the momentum uncertain. Einstein was adamant against this principle until his death. He thought that particles have some secret rules. Einstein thought, "The uncertainty principle is incomplete. There is a mistake somewhere that has resulted in uncertainty. Many did not accept Einstein then. But I'm sure Einstein was right then, there are secret rules for particles. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is also 100% correct . I recently published a research paper named "Quantum Certainty Mechanics"[1], which shows the principle of measuring the momentum and position of particles by the quantum certainty principle. Why uncertainty comes from certainty is the main topic of this research paper. When the value of the energy absorbed by the electron in the laboratory is calculated, the uncertainty is removed. The details are discussed below.

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A prevailing formulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is re-examined that measuring position with noise epsilon\\epsilonepsilon brings the momentum disturbance no less than hbar/2epsilon\\hbar/2\\epsilonhbar/2epsilon. With rigorous formulations of noise and disturbance, a model of a measuring interaction demonstrates that this formulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is by no means universally valid. An experimental realization of the model is also suggested.
One of the most striking deviations of quantum mechanics from classical mechanics is that any measurement of a microscopic system involves the interaction with the measuring instruments. The interaction cannot be neglected and in fact leads to uncontrollable disturbance on the system. In 1927, Werner Karl Heisenberg in his celebrated paper established the quantitative expression for unavoidable momentum disturbance caused by any position measurement. The crucial word here is simultaneously. The uncertainty relation gives the lower bound on the product of the uncertainties of two pairs of variables. But it says nothing about the accuracy with which individual observables can be measured. The physical meaning of energy-time uncertainty is different from that of x-px uncertainty. Position and momentum are observables to which Hermitian operators are assigned and which are measured at a particular time. An important implication of the uncertainty principle is that quantum systems do follow classical trajectories which conflict with our everyday experience.
In 1927 Heisenberg has invented the uncertainty principle. The principle of uncertainty is, "It is impossible to determine the position and momentum of a particle at the same time."The more accurately the momentum is measured, the more uncertain the position will be. Just knowing the position would make the momentum uncertain. Einstein was adamant against this principle until his death. He thought that particles have some secret rules. Einstein thought, "The uncertainty principle is incomplete. There is a mistake somewhere that has resulted in uncertainty. Many did not accept Einstein then. But I'm sure Einstein was right then, there are secret rules for particles. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is also 100% correct . I recently published a research paper named "Quantum Certainty Mechanics"[1], which shows the principle of measuring the momentum and position of particles by the quantum certainty principle. Why uncertainty comes from certainty is the main topic of this research paper. When the value of the energy absorbed by the electron in the laboratory is calculated, the uncertainty is removed. The details are discussed below.