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arXiv:quant-ph/0102101

Concept of unified local field theory and nonlocality of matter

Alexander A. Chernitskii

Published Feb 20, 2001• 5 citations
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Abstract

The concept of unified local field theory is considered. According to this concept the quantum description and the classical one must be the levels for investigation of some world solution of the unified field model. It is shown that in the framework of the unified local field theory there are nonlocal correlations between space separate events. Thus the experiments of Aspect type for testing of the Bell inequalities and for showing of the nonlocal correlations do not reject a possibility for description of matter with the unified local field theory. Advantages of such theory for new technologies are considered.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0102101

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The concept of unified local field theory is considered. According to this concept the quantum description and the classical one must be the levels for investigation of some world solution of the unified field model. It is shown that in the framework of the unified local field theory there are nonlocal correlations between space separate events. Thus the experiments of Aspect type for testing of the Bell inequalities and for showing of the nonlocal correlations do not reject a possibility for description of matter with the unified local field theory. Advantages of such theory for new technologies are considered.
The problems connected with a causality of space-time universe and with the paradox of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen are considered. A main philosophical problem and its possible solutions are briefly discussed. A concept of unified local field theory is considered. It is shown that in the framework of such theory there are nonlocal correlations between space separate events. These correlations are predicted by quantum mechanics and they are confirmed by Aspect type experiments for testing of Bell inequality. The presence of these nonlocal correlations in the framework of a local field theory is connected with the fact that its solution is nonlocal in character. Prospects for possible applications of an unified local field theory are considered.
Nonlocality refers to correlations between spatially separated parties that are stronger than those explained by the existence of local hidden variables. Quantum mechanics is known to allow some nonlocal correlations between particles in a phenomena known as entanglement. We explore several aspects of nonlocality in general and how they relate to quantum mechanics. First, we construct a hierarchy of theories with nonlocal correlations stronger than those allowed in quantum mechanics and derive several results about these theories. We show that these theories include codes that can store an amount of information exponential in the number of physical bits used. We use this result to demonstrate an unphysical consequence of theories with stronger-than-quantum correlations: learning even an approximate description of states in such theories would be practically impossible. Next, we consider the difficult problem of determining whether specific correlations are nonlocal. We present a novel learning algorithm and show that it provides an outer bound on the set of local states, and can therefore be used to identify some nonlocal states. Finally, we put nonlocal correlations to work by showing that the entanglement present in the vacuum of a quantum field can be used to detect spacetime curvature. We quantify how the entangling power of the quantum field varies as a function of spacetime curvature.
This paper is aimed to dissociate nonlocality from quantum theory. We demonstrate that the tests on violation of the Bell type inequalities are simply statistical tests of local incompatibility of observables. In fact, these are tests on violation of the Bohr complementarity principle. Thus, the attempts to couple experimental violations of the Bell type inequalities with “quantum nonlocality” is really misleading. These violations are explained in the quantum theory as exhibitions of incompatibility of observables for a single quantum system, e.g., the spin projections for a single electron or the polarization projections for a single photon. Of course, one can go beyond quantum theory with the hidden variables models (as was suggested by Bell) and then discuss their possible nonlocal features. However, conventional quantum theory is local.
The EPR paradox was caused by the provision that quantum variables must have pre-existing values. This type of "hidden property realism" was later falsified by Bell's Theorem. Accordingly, the physical basis for action-at-a-distance between entangled quanta was removed. Yet, modern interpretations present Bell's inequality as a Locality Criterion, as if Bell violations can only happen at the quantum level, and only with remote interactions. This is a questionable practice, considering that classical joint measurements also violate such inequalities for mutually exclusive wave properties. In particular, consecutive measurements of polarization produce the same coefficients of correlation as parallel measurements with entangled quanta, yet they are explicitly local. Furthermore, it is possible to combine parallel and consecutive measurements of Type I polarization-entangled photons in a single experiment, conclusively showing that quantum Bell violations can be local. Surprisingly, classical phenomena also require nonlocal interpretations if pre-existing properties are taken for granted. Hence, the solution is to reject the models with pre-existing properties for both classical and quantum wave-like phenomena.
Although classical probability theory, as it is encapsulated in the axioms of Kolmogorov and in his criterion for the independence of two events, can consistently be employed in quantum mechanics, this can only be accomplished at an exorbitant price. By considering first the classic two-slit experiment, and then the passage of one photon through three polarizers, the applicability of Kolmogorov's last axiom is called into question, but the standard rebuff of the Copenhagen interpretation is shown to be adequate to this challenge. In the EPR experiment of Aspect, and the violation of the Bell inequalities, the matter is more delicate: it is not directly Kolmogorov's last axiom, but rather his criterion of independence that is at issue. It is explained how two events with space-like separation cannot be independent in Kolmogorov's sense, even in the presence of hidden variables. The escape route of supposing the variables to be nonlocal, with a heavy metaphysical ballast of holism, which however is cosmically censored to prevent superluminal information transfer, has all the trappings of an ad hoc makeshift. The adoption of quantum mechanical probability, which does not obey the rules of Kolmogorov, but does survive empirical testing in terms of relative frequencies of events, is more economical. The solution is simple: correlations obey the rules of quantum mechanics and probability is a theory laden concept that is tested by, but not defined in terms of, the relative frequency of selected classes of events. Quantum mechanics appears to be nonlocal only if one tries to force it into a classical, realist straitjacket. However, this is a shortcoming of the straitjacket: it is not a property of quantum mechanics. That follows from the fact that a Bell telephone does not work!