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arXiv:quant-ph/0101045 · Physical Review A

Method for collective excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Zbyszek P. Karkuszewski, Krzysztof Sacha, Jakub Zakrzewski

Published May 8, 2001• 18 citations
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Abstract

It is shown that by an appropriate modification of the trapping potential, one may create collective excitation in a cold atom Bose-Einstein condensate. The proposed method is complementary to earlier suggestions. It seems to be feasible experimentally---it requires only a proper change in time of the potential in atomic traps, as realized in laboratories already.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.061601

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It is shown that by an appropriate modification of the trapping potential, one may create collective excitation in a cold atom Bose-Einstein condensate. The proposed method is complementary to earlier suggestions. It seems to be feasible experimentally---it requires only a proper change in time of the potential in atomic traps, as realized in laboratories already.
We have measured the effect of dipole-dipole interactions on the frequency of a collective mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate. At relatively large numbers of atoms, the experimental measurements are in good agreement with zero temperature theoretical predictions based on the Thomas-Fermi approach. Experimental results obtained for the dipolar shift of a collective mode show a larger dependency to both the trap geometry and the atom number than the ones obtained when measuring the modification of the condensate aspect ratio due to dipolar forces. These findings are in good agreement with simulations based on a Gaussian ansatz.
Collective Excitation of a Hybrid Atomic/Molecular Bose Einstein Condensate∗^{\ast}∗
Collective excitations of a dilute Bose condensate have been observed. These excitations are analogous to phonons in superfluid helium. Bose condensates were created by evaporatively cooling magnetically trapped sodium atoms. Excitations were induced by a modulation of the trapping potential, and detected as shape oscillations in the freely expanding condensates. The frequencies of the lowest modes agreed well with theoretical predictions based on mean-field theory. Before the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation, we observed sound waves in a dense ultracold gas.