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arXiv:quant-ph/0012037

Interfering with decay of a single photon in microwave cavities through single photon quantum non-demolition scheme

J. G. Peixoto de Faria, P. Nussenzveig, A. F. R. de Toledo Piza, Maria Carolina Nemes

Published Dec 7, 2000• 0 citations
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Abstract

The decay of a single photon in a microwave cavity is shown to be retarded by interaction with a resonant two-level atom in the experimental setup recently developed by Nogues and co-workers [see G. Nogues, A. Rauschenbeutel, S. Osnaghi, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond and S. Haroche, Nature vol 400, 239(1999)]. The effect may be interpreted in terms of the temporary removal of the photon from the cavity thereby protecting it from the effects of the environment to wich the cavity is coupled. Realistic parameters lead to a significative increase of the survival probability of the photon subsequently to the monitoring interaction.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0012037

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The decay of a single photon in a microwave cavity is shown to be retarded by interaction with a resonant two-level atom in the experimental setup recently developed by Nogues and co-workers [see G. Nogues, A. Rauschenbeutel, S. Osnaghi, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond and S. Haroche, Nature vol 400, 239(1999)]. The effect may be interpreted in terms of the temporary removal of the photon from the cavity thereby protecting it from the effects of the environment to wich the cavity is coupled. Realistic parameters lead to a significative increase of the survival probability of the photon subsequently to the monitoring interaction.
The decay of a single photon in a microwave cavity is shown to be retarded by interaction with a resonant two-level atom in the experimental setup recently developed by Nogues and co-workers [see G. Nogues, A. Rauschenbeutel, S. Osnaghi, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond and S. Haroche, Nature vol 400, 239(1999)]. The effect may be interpreted in terms of the temporary removal of the photon from the cavity thereby protecting it from the effects of the environment to wich the cavity is coupled. Realistic parameters lead to a 10% increase of the survival probability of the photon subsequently to the monitoring interaction.
The effect of decoherence in a quantum system can be viewed as a consequence of the interaction with the environment. As has been pointed out first by Dicke, in a system of N two-level atoms where each of the atoms is individually dipole coupled to the environment, there are collective subradiant states that have no dipole coupling to photon modes, and therefore they are expected to decay more slowly. We have recently proposed a scheme which is intended to create such states in a detuned cavity. We shall examine here the conditions under which our scheme can be used and compare them with the experimental possibilities. The analysis shows that our proposal can be implemented with present-day techniques achieved in atom—cavity interaction experiments.
Enhanced two-photon decay has been observed for the first time in an electric dipole transition between two Rydberg levels coupled to a single mode of a strongly driven microwave cavity. This was achieved by dynamically suppressing the otherwise dominant single-photon decay. The experiment is compared with a dressed-state model which treats the external driving field exactly. Cavity-induced emission and absorption rates are calculated to fourth order in the interaction to include two-photon processes, and are found to fit the experimental data well.
By consistently applying the formalism of quantum electrodynamics, we developed a comprehensive theoretical framework describing the interaction of single microwave photons with an array of superconducting transmon qubits in a waveguide cavity resonator. In particular, we analyze the effects of microwave photons on the array’s response to a weak probe signal exciting the resonator. The study reveals that high quality factor cavities provide a better spectral resolution of the response, while cavities with moderate quality factors allow better sensitivity for a single-photon detection. Remarkably, our analysis showed that a single-photon signal can be detected by even a sole qubit in a cavity under the realistic range of system parameters. We also discuss how the quantum properties of the microwave radiation and electrodynamical properties of resonators affect the response of qubits’ array. Our results provide an efficient theoretical background for informing the development and design of quantum devices consisting of arrays of qubits, especially for those using a cavity where an explicit expression for the transmission or reflection is required.
There is increasing interest in the photon statistics and spectroscopic properties of the radiation from atoms confined in an optical cavity. Effects such as the cavity enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission, which were first observed using microwave cavities, have recently been measured at optical frequencies.1 Recent measurements of squeezing and the dynamic effects of single-quantum-level splittings also demonstrate the possibilities for quantum-statistical studies of coupled atom-cavity systems at optical frequencies.2 We study a single two-level atom confined inside an optical cavity which is driven by coherent light in resonance with both cavity and atom. For weak driving field intensities we have calculated the spectrum of the light transmitted by the cavity and fluorescence out the sides of the cavity.
Quantitative predictions for the quantum electrodynamics of a few atoms interacting with quantized modes of the radiation field are becoming accessible to experimental test—particularly for Rydberg atoms in microwave cavities.1 For these one needs essentially exact predictions in realistic cavities, and these show losses. At microwave frequencies1 the very few thermal photons present even at very low temperatures1 can be significant. We show in this paper that if a single two-level atom is contained in a cavity of high enough Q, interaction with a quantized cavity mode can induce new spectral features.