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arXiv:quant-ph/0012025 · Physical Review Letters

Continuous Variable Cloning via Network of Parametric Gates

Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano, F. De Martini, Massimiliano Federico Sacchi

Published Jan 29, 2001• 28 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose an experimental scheme for the cloning machine of continuous quantum variables through a network of parametric amplifiers working as input-output four-port gates.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.86.914

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An unknown quantum state is prohibited from perfect cloning due to the principles of quantum mechanics, while approximate cloning of an unknown quantum state can be achieved by constructing quantum cloning machines. In the continuous variable regime, to effectively improve the cloning fidelity, an N + N ′ → M + M ′ phase-conjugate inputs (PCI) quantum cloning scheme is proposed based on an optical parametric amplifier and beam splitter network. However, due to the difficulties in constructing an optical parametric amplifier approaching the quantum noise limit, such quantum cloning scheme has not been experimentally realized. In this work, we present all-optical N + N ′ → M + M ′ PCI quantum cloning of coherent states by utilizing a phase-sensitive amplifier based on a four-wave mixing process. In particular, we experimentally realize deterministic all-optical 1+1→ M + M ′ ( M = M ′ =2, 4) and 2+2→ M + M ′ ( M = M ′ =3, 4, 6, 8) PCI quantum cloning. The maximum cloning fidelities experimentally achieved are 96.76 % ±0.57 % and 96.80 % ±0.58 % in the 2+2→3+3 case, which are the maximum cloning fidelities in deterministic continuous variable quantum cloning, to our knowledge. Our results provide an effective scheme for enhancing cloning fidelity and can find applications in achieving high-fidelity quantum information protocols.
A parametric amplifier is in essence a linear four-port device, which couples and linearly mixes two inputs before amplifying and sending them to two output ports. Here we show that for quadrature-phase amplitudes, a parametric amplifier can replace beam splitters to play the role of the mixer. We apply this idea to a continuous-variable quantum state teleportation scheme in which a parametric amplifier replaces a beam splitter in the Bell measurement. We show that this scheme is loss tolerant in the Bell measurement process and thus demonstrate the advantage of the parametric amplifier over the beam splitter in the applications in quantum measurement.