Peter Shor's in 1994 developed a factoring algorithm that can factor a composite numbernin a polynomial time by using a quantum computer in one step of the algorithm. The algorithm may contain a loop that requires calling a quantum computer many times to find the order of selected numbera,a∈Zn. In this paper, the improvement to the Shor's factoring algorithm guarantees the single use of the quantum computer to find the order, where the rest of the algorithm can be implemented by a classical computer. A numerical example for the original and improved version is presented.
In 1994, Peter Shor presented an algorithm for integer factorization that used exponentiallyless operations than the most efficient known algorithm. His algorithm requiresthe use of a quantum computer, a theoretical computational device using quantum mechanicaleffects not utilized in contemporary computers. In this paper we have analysedthe mathematics behind Shor’s algorithm and the quantum circuits on which it operates.We have also studied the Quantum Fourier Transform, a central component of Shor’sAlgorithm. Furthermore we have written a program in C++ to simulate a quantum circuitperforming Shor’s algorithm and the quantum Fourier transform. We were able tounderstand the critical parts of Shor’s algorithm that contribute with the great increasein efficiency compared to classical algorithms.