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arXiv:quant-ph/0008066 · Physics Letters A

`Shaking' of an atom in a non-stationary cavity

A.M. Fedotov, Nikolay B. Narozhny, Yu.E. Lozovik

Published Sep 1, 2000• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00542-9

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We consider an atom interacting with a quantized electromagnetic field inside a cavity with variable parameters. The atom in the ground state located in the initially empty cavity can be excited by variation of cavity parameters. We have discovered two mechanisms of atomic excitation. The first arises due to the interaction of the atom with the non-stationary electromagnetic field created by modulation of cavity parameters. If the characteristic time of variation of cavity parameters is of the order of the atomic transition time, the processes of photon creation and atomic excitation are going on simultaneously and hence excitation of the atom cannot be reduced to trivial absorption of the photons produced by the dynamical Casimir effect. The second mechanism is "shaking" of the atom due to fast modulation of its ground state Lamb shift which takes place as a result of fast variation of cavity arameters. The last mechanism has no connection with the vacuum dynamical Casimir effect. Moreover, it opens a new channel of photon creation in the non-stationary cavity. Nevertheless, the process of photon creation is altered by the presence of the atom in the cavity, even if one disregards the existence of the new channel. In particular, it removes the restriction for creation of only even number of photons and also changes the expectation value for the number of created photons. Our consideration is based on a simple model of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the cavity field. Qualitatively our results are valid for a real atom in a physical cavity.

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The effect of excitation of an atom in an initially photon-free nonstationary cavity is predicted. Two excitation mechanisms are considered, both different from the trivial absorption of photons created due to the nonstationary Casimir effect. The first one is based on the fact that the photon states appear simultaneously with atomic excitation if the characteristic time of cavity nonstationarity is of the same order as the atomic transition time. The second one is associated with the “shake-up” effect caused by the modulation of the atomic ground-state Lamb shift upon a fast change in the cavity parameters. The presence of an atom in the nonstationary cavity affects the photon creation process. In particular, it changes the average number of generated photons and removes the constraint (inherent in the nonstationary Casimir effect) that only an even number of photons can be created. In addition, a new mechanism of photon generation associated with the shake-up effect appears.

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Exotic quantum matter generated from floquet engineering

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This thesis investigates three time periodic quantum mechanical systems, all of which are of particular interest for research related to ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In the first system (Chapter 2), a synthetic uniform magnetic eld is created through the shaking of a two dimensional square optical lattice [1]. In this way an effective magnetic field can be felt by ultra cold atoms trapped in the lattice. Simple continuous shaking, however, produces non-uniform effective masses (tunneling amplitudes) which lead to non-uniform ux configurations. This is addressed both analytically and numericallyin this work. In addition, the limitations of continuous shaking schemes are discussed and several non-continuous shaking protocols are analyzed and compared. At the end of this investigation, the shaking schemes that yield a uniform effective mass and magnetic flux are identified...

•Sep 17, 2019•0 citations
We consider an atom interacting with a quantized electromagnetic field inside a cavity with variable parameters. The atom in the ground state located in the initially empty cavity can be excited by variation of cavity parameters. We have discovered two mechanisms of atomic excitation. The first arises due to the interaction of the atom with the non-stationary electromagnetic field created by modulation of cavity parameters. If the characteristic time of variation of cavity parameters is of the order of the atomic transition time, the processes of photon creation and atomic excitation are going on simultaneously and hence excitation of the atom cannot be reduced to trivial absorption of the photons produced by the dynamical Casimir effect. The second mechanism is "shaking" of the atom due to fast modulation of its ground state Lamb shift which takes place as a result of fast variation of cavity arameters. The last mechanism has no connection with the vacuum dynamical Casimir effect. Moreover, it opens a new channel of photon creation in the non-stationary cavity. Nevertheless, the process of photon creation is altered by the presence of the atom in the cavity, even if one disregards the existence of the new channel. In particular, it removes the restriction for creation of only even number of photons and also changes the expectation value for the number of created photons. Our consideration is based on a simple model of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the cavity field. Qualitatively our results are valid for a real atom in a physical cavity.
The effect of excitation of an atom in an initially photon-free nonstationary cavity is predicted. Two excitation mechanisms are considered, both different from the trivial absorption of photons created due to the nonstationary Casimir effect. The first one is based on the fact that the photon states appear simultaneously with atomic excitation if the characteristic time of cavity nonstationarity is of the same order as the atomic transition time. The second one is associated with the “shake-up” effect caused by the modulation of the atomic ground-state Lamb shift upon a fast change in the cavity parameters. The presence of an atom in the nonstationary cavity affects the photon creation process. In particular, it changes the average number of generated photons and removes the constraint (inherent in the nonstationary Casimir effect) that only an even number of photons can be created. In addition, a new mechanism of photon generation associated with the shake-up effect appears.
This thesis investigates three time periodic quantum mechanical systems, all of which are of particular interest for research related to ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In the first system (Chapter 2), a synthetic uniform magnetic eld is created through the shaking of a two dimensional square optical lattice [1]. In this way an effective magnetic field can be felt by ultra cold atoms trapped in the lattice. Simple continuous shaking, however, produces non-uniform effective masses (tunneling amplitudes) which lead to non-uniform ux configurations. This is addressed both analytically and numericallyin this work. In addition, the limitations of continuous shaking schemes are discussed and several non-continuous shaking protocols are analyzed and compared. At the end of this investigation, the shaking schemes that yield a uniform effective mass and magnetic flux are identified...