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arXiv:quant-ph/0006049 · Physical Review A

Simple algorithm for local conversion of pure states

Jens G. Jensen, Rüdiger Schack

Published May 9, 2001• 31 citations
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Abstract

We describe an algorithm for converting one bipartite quantum state into another using only local operations and classical communication, which is much simpler than the original algorithm given by Nielsen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 436 (1999)]. Our algorithm uses only a single measurement by one of the parties, followed by local unitary operations which are permutations in the local Schmidt bases.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.062303

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We describe an algorithm for converting one bipartite quantum state into another using only local operations and classical communication, which is much simpler than the original algorithm given by Nielsen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 436 (1999)]. Our algorithm uses only a single measurement by one of the parties, followed by local unitary operations which are permutations in the local Schmidt bases.
The quantum entanglement is the necessary resource,which could realize some quantum tasks.It is very important to study the algorithm for the entanglement transformation between the quantum states determinately or probability.An algorithm first is presented that transforms one pure bipartite quantum state into a mixed bipartite by Local Operations and Classical Communication(LOCC),this algorithm is much simpler than the original algorithm.The algorithm for the transformation between two pure bipartite states with catalysis by LOCC is then discussed.
Entanglement between three or more parties exhibits a realm of properties unknown to two-party states. Bipartite states are easily classified using the Schmidt decomposition. The Schmidt coefficients of a bipartite pure state encompass all the nonlocal properties of the state and can be ``seen'' by looking at one party's density matrix only. Pure states of three and more parties, however, lack such a simple form. They have more invariants under local unitary transformations than any one party can ``see'' on their subsystem. These ``hidden nonlocalities'' will allow us to exhibit a class of multipartite states that cannot be distinguished from each other by any party. Generalizing a result of Bennett, Popescu, Rohrlich, Smolin, and Thapliyal, and using a recent result by Nielsen, we will show that these states cannot be transformed into each other by local actions and classical communication. Furthermore, we will use an orthogonal subset of such states to hint at applications to cryptography and illustrate an extension to quantum secret sharing [using recently suggested ((n,k))((n,k))((n,k))-threshold schemes].
The necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of arbitrary nnn-qubit pure quantum states under local unitary (LU) operations derived in [B. Kraus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 020504 (2010)] are used to determine the different LU-equivalence classes of up to five-qubit states. Due to this classification new parameters characterizing multipartite entanglement are found and their physical interpretation is given. Moreover, the method is used to derive examples of two nnn-qubit states (with n>2n>2n>2 arbitrary) which have the properties that all the entropies of any subsystem coincide; however, the states are neither LU equivalent nor can be mapped into each other by general local operations and classical communication.
Recently Horodecki et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 100402 (2003)] introduced an important quantum information processing paradigm, in which two parties sharing many copies of the same bipartite quantum state distill local pure states by means of local unitary operations assisted by a one-way (two-way) completely dephasing channel. Local pure states are a valuable resource from a thermodynamical point of view, since they allow thermal energy to be converted into work by local quantum heat engines. We give a simple information-theoretical characterization of the one-way distillable local purity, which turns out to be closely related to a previously known operational measure of classical correlations, the one-way distillable common randomness.
It is well known that the Schmidt decomposition exists for all pure states of a two-party quantum system. We demonstrate that there are two ways to obtain an analogous decomposition for arbitrary rank-1 operators acting on states of a bipartite finite-dimensional Hilbert space. These methods amount to joint Schmidt-type decompositions of two pure states where the two sets of coefficients and local bases depend on the properties of either state, however, at the expense of the local bases not all being orthonormal and in one case the complex-valuedness of the coefficients. With these results we derive several generally valid purity-type formulas for one-party reductions of rank-1 operators, and we point out relevant relations between the Schmidt decomposition and the Bloch representation of bipartite pure states.