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arXiv:quant-ph/0001089 · International Journal of Modern Physics B

A REMARK ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL MANY-BODY PROBLEMS WITH POINT INTERACTIONS

Sergio A Albeverio, L. Dąbrowski, Shao-Ming Fei

Published Mar 20, 2000• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The integrability of one-dimensional quantum mechanical many-body problems with general contact interactions is extensively studied. It is shown that besides the pure (repulsive or attractive) δ-function interaction there is another singular point interactions which gives rise to a new one-parameter family of integrable quantum mechanical many-body systems. The bound states and scattering matrices are calculated for both bosonic and fermionic statistics.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979200000601

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•Jan 1, 2014•1 citation
The integrability of one-dimensional quantum mechanical many-body problems with general contact interactions is extensively studied. It is shown that besides the pure (repulsive or attractive) δ-function interaction there is another singular point interactions which gives rise to a new one-parameter family of integrable quantum mechanical many-body systems. The bound states and scattering matrices are calculated for both bosonic and fermionic statistics.
The repulsive $\ensuremath{\delta}$ interaction problem in one dimension for NNN particles is reduced, through the use of Bethe's hypothesis, to an eigenvalue problem of matrices of the same sizes as the irreducible representations RRR of the permutation group SN{S}_{N}SN​. For some R′sR'\mathrm{s}R′s this eigenvalue problem itself is solved by a second use of Bethe's hypothesis, in a generalized form. In particular, the ground-state problem of spin-\textonehalf{} fermions is reduced to a generalized Fredholm equation.
The repulsive $\ensuremath{\delta}$ interaction problem in one dimension for NNN particles is reduced, through the use of Bethe's hypothesis, to an eigenvalue problem of matrices of the same sizes as the irreducible representations RRR of the permutation group SN{S}_{N}SN​. For some R′sR'\mathrm{s}R′s this eigenvalue problem itself is solved by a second use of Bethe's hypothesis, in a generalized form. In particular, the ground-state problem of spin-\textonehalf{} fermions is reduced to a generalized Fredholm equation.
We consider a four-parameter family of point interactions in one dimension. This family is a generalization of the usual -function potential. We examine a system consisting of many particles of equal masses that are interacting pairwise through such a generalized point interaction. We follow McGuire who obtained exact solutions for the system when the interaction is the -function potential. We find exact bound states with the four-parameter family. For the scattering problem, however, we have not been so successful. This is because, as we point out, the condition of no diffraction that is crucial in McGuire's method is not satisfied except when the four-parameter family is essentially reduced to the -function potential.
The present paper is devoted to the study of the few–body quantum mechanical problem with singular finite rank cluster interactions. The corresponding Hamiltonians play an important role in mathematical physics, since few body Hamiltonians with more regular interactions present considerable difficulties which make impossible a detailed analytic study [ 13 ]. Also a numerical study of such Hamiltonians using Faddeev equations present very hard problems, since the interaction between the particles does not vanish at large distances. On the other hand few-body problems with singular cluster interaction are useful and intensively studied in statistical physics, since the corresponding Hamiltonians can be analyzed in detail even if the number of particles is very large. Models describing one dimensional particles are of particular interest, since the eigenfunctions of the many body Hamiltonians can often be calculated using Bethe Ansatz [ 14 ]. In fact the well-known Yang-Baxter equation was first written in connection with the study of system of several one-dimensional particles with pairwise delta interactions. Similar methods were used in atomic physics to study collisions of several particles [ 12 ] (in three dimensions). Few-body systems in applications are usually investigated by combining the classical description of the dynamics of heavy atoms with the quantum description of the dynamics of electrons and other light particles. The first attempt to construct a three body Hamiltonian describing three quantum particles in R 3 interacting through pairwise delta functional potentials is due to G.V. Skorniakov and K.A.Ter-Martirosian [ 29 ]. R.A.Minlos and L.D.Faddeev proved that the corresponding Hamiltonian is not bounded from below and therefore cannot be used in 278 the originally intended physical applications [ 24 , 25 ]. The operator was defined using the method of self–adjoint perturbations used by F.A.Berezin and L.D.Faddeev for investigating Schödinger operators with delta potential in R 3 [ 10 ]. Almost three decades later semibounded three-body operators in dimension three with generalized two-body interactions were constructed by extending the standard Hilbert space of square integrable functions in R 9 [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 30 ]. The most interesting model considered used the theory of generalized extensions suggested by B.Pavlov [ 7 , 26 ]. Different aspects of these models were analyzed recently [ 8 , 23 , 20 ]. A general approach to these operators is described in [ 7 , 22 ]. Let us mention that a realization of a many-body lower bounded Hamiltonian with point interactions for particles in R 3 has been obtained in the original Hilbert space by using the theory of Dirichlet forms [ 2 ]. The few-body systems of two dimensional particles with two-body interactions was studied in [ 11 ], where it was proven that the corresponding Hamiltonian is semibounded.
The repulsive delta-function interaction model in one dimension is reviewed for spinless particles and for spin-1/2 fermions. The problem of solving the differential equation related to the Schrödinger equation is reduced by the Bethe ansatz to a system of algebraic equations. The delta-function interaction is shown to have no effect on spinless fermions which therefore behave like free fermions, in agreement with Pauli's exclusion principle. The ground-state problem of spinless bosons is reduced to an inhomogeneous Fredholm equation of the second kind. In the limit of impenetrable interactions, the spinless bosons are shown to have the energy spectrum of free fermions. The model for spin-1/2 fermions is reduced by the Bethe ansatz to an eigenvalue problem of matrices of the same sizes as the irreducible representations R of the permutation group of N elements. For some R's this eigenvalue problem itself is solved by a generalized Bethe ansatz. The ground-state problem of spin-1/2 fermions is reduced to a generalized Fredholm equation.