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arXiv:physics/0612233 · Physical Review Letters

Enhancement of Rydberg Atom Interactions Using ac Stark Shifts

Parisa Bohlouli-Zanjani, Joseph A. Petrus, J. D. D. Martin

Published May 17, 2007• 92 citations
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Abstract

The ac Stark effect was used to induce resonant energy transfer between translationally cold 85Rb Rydberg atoms. When a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at specific field strengths, the two-atom dipole-dipole process 43d5/2+43d5/2-->45p3/2+41f was dramatically enhanced, due to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing interactions is complementary to dc electric-field-induced resonant energy transfer, but has more flexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.98.203005

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This thesis reports the use of both dc and ac electric fi eld induced resonant \nenergy transfer, RET, between cold Rydberg atoms as a useful tool for enhancement \nof interatomic interactions. A general technique for laser frequency stabilization and \nits suitability for Rydberg atom excitation is also demonstrated. \nRET between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy \nlevels. The ⁸⁵Rb atoms are laser cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap. \nFor energy level determination experiment, atoms were optically excited to 32d₅/₂ \nRydberg states. The two-atom process 32d₅/₂ + 32d₅/₂ → 34p₃/₂+30g is resonant at \nan electric fi eld of approximately 0.3 V/cm through dipole dipole interaction. The \nexperimentally observed resonant fi eld, together with the Stark map calculation is \nused to make a determination of the ⁸⁵Rb ng-series quantum defect to be ⵒg(n = \n30) = 0.00405(6). \nThe ac Stark eff ect was also used to induce RET between cold Rydberg atoms. \nWhen a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at speci fic fi eld strengths, the two-atom \ndipole-dipole process 43d₅/₂ + 43d₅/₂ → 45p₃/₂ + 41f was dramatically enhanced, \ndue to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing \ninteractions is complementary to dc electric- field-induced RET, but has more \n \nflexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency. At a dressing field \nof 28.5 GHz all of the participating levels (43d₅/₂, 45p₃/₂ and 41f) show signi cant \nshifts and these give a complicated series of resonances. An oscillating electric \nfi eld at 1.356 GHz was also used to promote the above RET process where the \natoms are initially excited to the 43d₅/₂ Rydberg states. The ac fi eld strength was \nscanned to collect RET spectra. Di fferent resonances were observed for diff erent \nmagnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to the higher dressing field \nfrequency of 28.5 GHz, the choice of dressing frequency of 1.356 GHz, which is \nslightly blue detuned from the 41f - 41g transition, and structure of the spectra \nmay be understood, by analogy with the dc field case.

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An oscillating electric field at 1.356 GHz was used to promote the resonant energy transfer process: 43d 5/2 + 43d 5/2 → 45p 3/2 + 41f between translationally cold 85 Rb Rydberg atoms. The ac Stark shifts due to this dressing field created degeneracies between the initial and final two-atom states of this process. The ac field strength was scanned to collect spectra which are analogous to dc electric-field-induced resonant energy transfer spectra. Different resonances were observed for different magnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to earlier work performed at higher frequencies, the choice of dressing frequency and structure of the spectra may be intuitively understood, by analogy with the dc field case.

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Resonant energy transfer between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy levels, at precisions approaching those obtainable in microwave spectroscopy. Laser cooled $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms from a magneto-optical trap were optically excited to $32{d}_{5∕2}$ Rydberg states. The two-atom process $32{d}_{5∕2}+32{d}_{5∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}34{p}_{3∕2}+30g$ is resonant at an electric field of approximately $0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$. This process is driven by the electric dipole-dipole interaction, which is allowed due to the partial $f$ character that the $g$ state acquires in an electric field. The experimentally observed resonant field, together with the Stark map calculation is used to make a determination of the $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ $ng$-series quantum defect ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{g}(n=30)=0.00405(6)$.

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Frontiers in Physics•Apr 27, 2022•8 citations
The ac Stark effect was used to induce resonant energy transfer between translationally cold 85Rb Rydberg atoms. When a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at specific field strengths, the two-atom dipole-dipole process 43d5/2+43d5/2-->45p3/2+41f was dramatically enhanced, due to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing interactions is complementary to dc electric-field-induced resonant energy transfer, but has more flexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency.
This thesis reports the use of both dc and ac electric fi eld induced resonant \nenergy transfer, RET, between cold Rydberg atoms as a useful tool for enhancement \nof interatomic interactions. A general technique for laser frequency stabilization and \nits suitability for Rydberg atom excitation is also demonstrated. \nRET between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy \nlevels. The ⁸⁵Rb atoms are laser cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap. \nFor energy level determination experiment, atoms were optically excited to 32d₅/₂ \nRydberg states. The two-atom process 32d₅/₂ + 32d₅/₂ → 34p₃/₂+30g is resonant at \nan electric fi eld of approximately 0.3 V/cm through dipole dipole interaction. The \nexperimentally observed resonant fi eld, together with the Stark map calculation is \nused to make a determination of the ⁸⁵Rb ng-series quantum defect to be ⵒg(n = \n30) = 0.00405(6). \nThe ac Stark eff ect was also used to induce RET between cold Rydberg atoms. \nWhen a 28.5 GHz dressing field was set at speci fic fi eld strengths, the two-atom \ndipole-dipole process 43d₅/₂ + 43d₅/₂ → 45p₃/₂ + 41f was dramatically enhanced, \ndue to induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. This method for enhancing \ninteractions is complementary to dc electric- field-induced RET, but has more \n \nflexibility due to the possibility of varying the applied frequency. At a dressing field \nof 28.5 GHz all of the participating levels (43d₅/₂, 45p₃/₂ and 41f) show signi cant \nshifts and these give a complicated series of resonances. An oscillating electric \nfi eld at 1.356 GHz was also used to promote the above RET process where the \natoms are initially excited to the 43d₅/₂ Rydberg states. The ac fi eld strength was \nscanned to collect RET spectra. Di fferent resonances were observed for diff erent \nmagnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to the higher dressing field \nfrequency of 28.5 GHz, the choice of dressing frequency of 1.356 GHz, which is \nslightly blue detuned from the 41f - 41g transition, and structure of the spectra \nmay be understood, by analogy with the dc field case.
An oscillating electric field at 1.356 GHz was used to promote the resonant energy transfer process: 43d 5/2 + 43d 5/2 → 45p 3/2 + 41f between translationally cold 85 Rb Rydberg atoms. The ac Stark shifts due to this dressing field created degeneracies between the initial and final two-atom states of this process. The ac field strength was scanned to collect spectra which are analogous to dc electric-field-induced resonant energy transfer spectra. Different resonances were observed for different magnetic sublevels involved in the process. Compared to earlier work performed at higher frequencies, the choice of dressing frequency and structure of the spectra may be intuitively understood, by analogy with the dc field case.
A microwave dressing field was used to induce resonant energy transfer in translationally cold Rydberg atoms. The Rb Rydberg atoms were obtained by laser excitation of cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. When the amplitude of a 1.356 GHz dressing field was scanned, the two-atom dipole-dipole process 43d5/2 + 43d5/2 → 45p3/2 + 41f5/2,7/2 was enhanced due to the induced degeneracy of the initial and final states. The resulting spectrum had a series of resonant field amplitudes corresponding to different magnetic sublevels possible for the states involved. The scanned field amplitude was calibrated using microwave spectroscopy of the 43d5/2− 41f transition under the influence of non-resonant dressing fields. The calibrated resonant field amplitudes agree well with ac Stark shift calculations performed using the Floquet approach. This method for enhancing interactions is complementary to dc electric field induced resonant energy transfer, but benefits from the ability to shift energy levels in either direction by choice in frequency.
Radio-frequency (rf) fields in the MHz range are used to induce resonant energy transfer between cold Rydberg atoms in spatially separated volumes. After laser preparation of the Rydberg atoms, dipole-dipole coupling excites the 49s49s49s atoms in one cylinder to the 49p49p49p state while the 41d41d41d atoms in the second cylinder are transferred down to the 42p42p42p state. The energy exchanged between the atoms in this process is 33GHz33\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}33GHz. An external rf field brings this energy transfer into resonance. The strength of the interaction has been investigated as a function of amplitude (0−−1V∕cm)(0--1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm})(0−−1V∕cm) and frequency (1−−30MHz)(1--30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz})(1−−30MHz) of the rf field and as a function of a static-field offset. Multiphoton transitions up to fifth order as well as selection rules prohibiting the process at certain fields have been observed. The width of the resonances has been reduced compared to earlier results by switching off external magnetic fields of the magneto-optical trap, making sub-MHz spectroscopy possible. All features are well reproduced by theoretical calculations taking the strong ac Stark shift due to the rf field into account.
Resonant energy transfer between cold Rydberg atoms was used to determine Rydberg atom energy levels, at precisions approaching those obtainable in microwave spectroscopy. Laser cooled 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms from a magneto-optical trap were optically excited to 32d5∕232{d}_{5∕2}32d5∕2​ Rydberg states. The two-atom process $32{d}_{5∕2}+32{d}_{5∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}34{p}_{3∕2}+30g$ is resonant at an electric field of approximately 0.3V∕cm0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}0.3V∕cm. This process is driven by the electric dipole-dipole interaction, which is allowed due to the partial fff character that the ggg state acquires in an electric field. The experimentally observed resonant field, together with the Stark map calculation is used to make a determination of the 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb ngngng-series quantum defect ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{g}(n=30)=0.00405(6)$.
We demonstrated a tuned dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms by employing a controllable electric field in a cold cesium ensemble. The | n P 3/2 ⟩ ( n = 38–40) Rydberg pairs are prepared with a three-photon scheme and detected via the state-selective field ionization technique. A weak DC electric field is used to tune the Rydberg pair interaction from the van der Waals interaction regime to the dipole–dipole interaction regime. The Förster resonant interaction and an adiabatic resonance energy transfer between the n P and n S Rydberg states are attained by precisely tuning the electric field. Rydberg excitation blockade with and without the electric field is investigated by changing the excitation pulse duration, which demonstrates that the dipole interaction–induced blockade effect is stronger than the van der Waals interaction–induced blockade effect. The precise control of the Rydberg interaction is of great significance to the coherent interaction in many-body systems and non-radiative collision processes.