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arXiv:physics/0603145 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Slow light propagation in a linear-response three-level atomic vapor

Wenhai Ji, Chunabi Wu, Michael G. Raymer

Published Feb 15, 2007• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We observe pulse delays of up to twenty times the input pulse duration when 200 ps laser pulses pass through a hot Rb 85 vapor cell. The pulse peak travels with a velocity equal to c/20, and the energy transmission is 5%. For pulses with a linewidth greater than typical features in the atomic dispersion, pulse delay is predicted and observed for all center frequencies near resonance. Pulse advance is never observed. The measurements are in good agreement with a three-level linear-dispersion calculation. We are able to control the amount of delay by using a steady-state laser beam for optical pumping of the ground states prior to sending in the test pulse.

DOI
10.1364/josab.24.000629

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We observe pulse delays of up to twenty times the input pulse duration when 200 ps laser pulses pass through a hot Rb 85 vapor cell. The pulse peak travels with a velocity equal to c/20, and the energy transmission is 5%. For pulses with a linewidth greater than typical features in the atomic dispersion, pulse delay is predicted and observed for all center frequencies near resonance. Pulse advance is never observed. The measurements are in good agreement with a three-level linear-dispersion calculation. We are able to control the amount of delay by using a steady-state laser beam for optical pumping of the ground states prior to sending in the test pulse.
Short pulses of narrow-line low-intensity dye-laser light nearly resonant with the Zeeman-split 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ resonance line (7948 \AA{}) of rubidium were observed to propagate through dilute rubidium vapor as slowly as (114)c(\frac{1}{14})c(141​)c. These slow pulse velocities showed that most of the energy in the propagating wave was contained by the vapor as coherent atomic excitation. The observed pulse velocities vp{v}_{p}vp​ are in good agreement with the equation ${v}_{p}=\frac{d\ensuremath{\omega}}{\mathrm{dk}}$ for the group velocity obtained from linear-dispersion theory. Also, the experimental results are quantitatively explained by adiabatic following, in which the pseudomoments of the atoms remain aligned along the effective field of the laser light. The adiabatic-following model allows for a direct comparison of our results with the work on self-induced transparency. For high-intensity light, adiabatic following predicts a nonlinear pulse velocity and the possibility of observing self-steepening.
Abstract Pulse delay with the group velocity dispersion (GVD) characteristics was studied in the V-type electromagnetically induced transparency in the hyperfine levels of 85 Rb atoms with a closed system configuration. The phase coherency between the pump and the probe laser beams was maintained. We studied the pulse delay and the GVD characteristics with the variation of the pump Rabi frequency taking optical density (OD) as a parameter. We observed a maximum of 268 ns pulse delay for 21.24 MHz pump Rabi frequency at OD 5.04 of the Rb vapor cell. For a better understanding of the experimental results, we have derived an analytical solution for the delay characteristics considering the thermal averaging. The analytical solution was derived for a three level V-type system. The theoretical plots of the delay and the GVD show the same characteristics as we observed in the experiment. This analytical approach can be further generalized for the higher level schemes to calculate different quantities such as susceptibility, group velocity delay or GVD characteristics.
The dynamics of resonant light propagation in rubidium vapor in a cell with antirelaxation wall coating are investigated. We change the polarization of the input light and measure the time dependence of the polarization after the cell. The observed dynamics are shown to be analogous to those in electromagnetically induced transparency. Spectral dependence of light pulse delays is found to be similar to that of nonlinear magneto-optic rotation. Delays up to $\ensuremath{\approx}13\mathrm{ms}$ are observed, corresponding to a 8m/s8\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}8m/s group velocity. Fields of a few microgauss are used to control the group velocity.