Development of the contemporary theory of physical phenomena in the microcosm is considered to be a result of development of Einstein's ideas on a possibility of the event space modification and on a possibility of stochastic (Brownian) motion of free particles. One considers the space-time modification, based on a new conception of geometry. In the framework of this conception any geometry is obtained as a result of the proper Euclidean geometry deformation. In the framework of this conception it is possible such a space-time geometry, where the free particle motion appears to be stochastic, although the geometry in itself remains to be deterministic. The stochasticity intensity depends on the particle mass. It is small for particle of a large mass, and it is essential for the particle of a small mass. The space-time geometry may be chosen in such a way, that the statistical description of random world lines of particles be equivalent to the quantum description (the Schrödinger equation). At such a description the quantum principles are not used. They can be obtained as a corollaries of the statistical description of nonrelativistic stochastic particles. The nonrelativistic quantum principles may not be used for description of relativistic phenomena.
Development of the contemporary theory of physical phenomena in the microcosm is considered to be a result of development of Einstein's ideas on a possibility of the event space modification and on a possibility of stochastic (Brownian) motion of free particles. One considers the space-time modification, based on a new conception of geometry. In the framework of this conception any geometry is obtained as a result of the proper Euclidean geometry deformation. In the framework of this conception it is possible such a space-time geometry, where the free particle motion appears to be stochastic, although the geometry in itself remains to be deterministic. The stochasticity intensity depends on the particle mass. It is small for particle of a large mass, and it is essential for the particle of a small mass. The space-time geometry may be chosen in such a way, that the statistical description of random world lines of particles be equivalent to the quantum description (the Schrödinger equation). At such a description the quantum principles are not used. They can be obtained as a corollaries of the statistical description of nonrelativistic stochastic particles. The nonrelativistic quantum principles may not be used for description of relativistic phenomena.
One uses the investigation strategy: ”Find a mistake in foundation of physics and correct it”. Two fundamental defects are corrected: (1) nonrelativistic concept of the particle state, (2) inadequacy of the differential geometry formalism at the metric approach to geometry. Usage of relativistic concept of the particle state admits one to create united formalism for description of deterministic and stochastic particles motion. The quantum mechanics is founded as a statistical description of the stochastic particles motion. Stochasticity of the quantum particles motion is explained by multivariance of the space-time geometry, which leads to the world lines wobbling of elementary particles. Relativistic concept of the particle state and the metric approach to the space-time geometry admit one to construct the skeleton conception of elementary particles. The skeleton conception admits one to investigate the arrangement of elementary particles (but not only to systamatize them, ascribing quantum numbers to them).
One can construct the model conception of quantum phenomena (MCQP) which relates to the axiomatic conception of quantum phenomena (ACQP), (i.e. to the conventional quantum mechanics) in the same way, as the statistical physics relates to thermodynamics. Such a possibility is based on a new conception of geometry, which admits one to construct such a deterministic space-time geometry, where motion of free particles is primordially stochastic. The space-time geometry can be chosen in such a way that statistical description of random particle motion coincides with the quantum description. Methods of MCQP in investigation of quantum phenomena appear to be more subtle and effective than, that of ACQP. For instance, investigation of the free Dirac equation in framework of MCQP shows that the Dirac particle is in reality a rotator, i.e. two particles rotating around their common center of inertia. In the framework of MCQP one can discover the force field, responsible for pair production, that is impossible in the framework of ACQP.
By taking into account the quantum aspects intrinsic to any operational definition of spatio-temporal relationships, a stochastic concept of spacetime emerges. In relation to its classical counterpart is realized as a stochastic mean around which quantum fluctuations become negligible only in the limit of macroscopic spacetime intervals. The test-particle propagators used in the proposed quantum concept of spacetime are derived by solving in a consistent manner the localizability problem for relativistic particles. This is achieved in the framework of the stochastic phase space formulation of quantum mechanics, which in the nonrelativistic context is shown to result from systems of imprimitivity related to phase space conserved probability currents derivable from bona fide convariant probability densities in stochastic phase spaces of one particle systems, which can be interpreted as due to measurements performed with extended rather than pointlike test particles. The associated particle propagators can be therefore consistently related to coordinate probability densities measurable by the exchange of photons in between test particles from a chosen standard. Quantum spacetime is defined as the family of propagators corresponding to all conceivable coherent flows of test particles. This family of free-fall propagators has to satisfy certain self-consistency conditions as well as consistent laws ofmore » motion which inplicitly determine the stochastic geometro-dynamics of quantum space-time. Field theory on quantum spacetime retains many of the formal features of conventional quantum field theory. On a fundamental epistemological level stochastic geometries emerge as essential prerequisites in the construction of spacetime models that would be operationally based and yet consistent with the relativity principle as well as with the uncertinty principle.« less
The skeleton conception of elementary particles is considered in the paper. Conventional particle dynamics is formulated in an unaccomplished form, which is adequate only in the continuous space-time geometry. The conventional differential equations of the particle motion cannot be written in the discrete space-time geometry. In the discrete space-time geometry the particle world line is replaced by the world chain. The world chain links has a finite length (not infinitesimal). The world chain appears to be stochastic. Statistical description of stochastic world chains leads to the Schrödinger equation, if the elementary length of the geometry is chosen in a proper way. The quantum principles are founded by existence of the discrete (and multivariant) space-time geometry and lose the role of prime physical principles. In the skeleton conception the particle is described by its skeleton (several rigidly connected space-time points). Skeleton conception of the elementary particles realizes a proper description of the particle state, which appears to be adequate in a discrete space-time geometry. The particle dynamics takes the form of a monistic conception, which is described completely in terms of the world function of the space-time geometry. The skeleton conception accomplishes the transition from nonrelativistic physics to the relativistic one and realizes the total geometrization of particle dynamics.
Every vertex of the magic cube of physics discussed so far introduced a major element in the development of physics and the whole of science. Mechanics introduced the basic concept of equations of motion, or time-evolution of a physical system given certain initial condition and the associated idea of determinism, even with its generalization in the form of chaos, the dependence of the outcomes of the temporal evolution on the initial conditions. These concepts taken for many particles, or elements of a physical system, led to the probabilistic description of many particle systems, in the realm of statistical physics and thermodynamics, whereby the averages over time of various observable quantities were related to the ensemble averages, that involve classical, so-called Kolmogorov, probability measures, at least for certain “equilibrium” situations. The second law of thermodynamics introduced the concept of entropy and its probabilistic increase, the first truly emergent, probabilistic law in physics (temperature and pressure, being other emergent quantities, apart from entropy, the measure of disorder of a statistical system). In the context of Newtonian gravity, one gets, at least in retrospect the geometric description of gravity in non-relativistic, Galilean spacetime. Galilean relativity, based on the asymmetric mixing of space and time, with the absolute, universal time, true for all observers, gets generalized in special theory of relativity to observer dependent space and observer dependent time, viewed as “slices” of a new concept of spacetime, with the new concept of causal structure, that distinguish timelike, null and spacelike events. This in turn is made into a full dynamical geometric structure of spacetime with a relativistic description of gravity stemming from curvature of spacetime, and a dynamical causal structure, tied to gravity. In our next story, the story of quantum theory, we will encounter fundamental, intrinsic probabilities, that can interfere, unlike the classical probabilities of statistical thermodynamics, and which are consistent with equations of motion of individual elements, and not, as in statistical thermodynamics, with temporal averages over the time evolution of many elements. This is the big new lesson of quantum theory, that transcends the lessons of classical spacetime physics.
One can construct the model conception of quantum phenomena (MCQP) which relates to the axiomatic conception of quantum phenomena (ACQP), (i.e. to the conventional quantum mechanics) in the same way, as the statistical physics relates to thermodynamics. Such a possibility is based on a new conception of geometry, which admits one to construct such a deterministic space-time geometry, where motion of free particles is primordially stochastic. The space-time geometry can be chosen in such a way that statistical description of random particle motion coincides with the quantum description. Transition from ACQP to MCQP is a result of correction of some mistakes in the foundation of ACQP. Methods of MCQP in investigation of quantum phenomena appear to be more subtle and effective than, that of ACQP. For instance, investigation of the free Dirac equation in framework of MCQP shows that the Dirac particle is in reality a rotator, i.e. two particles rotating around their common center of inertia. In the framework of MCQP one can discover the force field, responsible for pair production, that is impossible in the framework of ACQP.