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arXiv:physics/0510074 · Optics Letters

Femtosecond spectral electric field reconstruction using coherent transients

Antoine Monmayrant, B. Chatel, B. Girard

Published Jan 1, 2006• 13 citations
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Abstract

We have implemented a new approach for measuring the time-dependent intensity and phase of ultrashort optical pulses. It is based on the interaction between shaped pulses and atoms, leading to coherent transients.
DOI
10.1364/ol.31.000410

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In this work, the strong-field-modified dipole response at the ionization threshold of helium is studied. The dipole response is induced by an attosecond pulse in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range and is manipulated by an ultrashort and strong femtosecond pulse in the near-infrared. To probe the response, the transient absorption spectrum of helium is recorded for different time delays between both pulses and different intensities of the femtosecond pulse. From the spectra, the dipole response of the ionization threshold is reconstructed, which is linked to the dynamics of excited electrons with energies in the transition region from bound to free. To identify the underlying processes of light-matter interaction leading to the observed structures in the time and spectral domain, different quantum-mechanical model simulations are conducted. As a result, the measured dipole response reveals light-induced energy shifts of the photoelectron’s kinetic energy close to the parent ion, signatures for field-driven recollisions of a photoelectron into the parent ion, and a temporal amplitude and phase gating mechanism. With the latter, the build-up dynamics of complex spectral structures are temporally resolved, which are the time-dependent separation and line-shape modification of the doubly excited Rydberg series as well as the temporal build-up of the ionization threshold.
We show experimentally that spectral phase manipulation of ultrashort extreme-uv light pulses can induce and control coherent transient excitation of the He(1s3p)\mathrm{He}(1s3p)He(1s3p) excited state by the nonresonant components of the broadband extreme-ultraviolet light. The spectral phase manipulation of the 15th harmonic of an intense 805nm805\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}805nm, 80fs80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}80fs pulse is achieved by propagation of the euv light through a variable optical density of He gas. The acquired spectral phase due to the dispersive interaction of the off-resonance components in the euv pulse with the He(1s3p)\mathrm{He}(1s3p)He(1s3p) resonance enhances and modifies the transient excitation. The temporal evolution of the coherently prepared transient He(1s3p)\mathrm{He}(1s3p)He(1s3p) amplitude is probed by ionization to the continuum with a 400nm400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}400nm, 80fs80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}80fs pulse.