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arXiv:physics/0501143 · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

InGaAsP annular Bragg lasers: theory, applications, and modal properties

Jacob Scheuer, W.M.J. Green, Guy A. DeRose, Avigail Yariv

Published Mar 1, 2005• 63 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A novel class of circular resonators, based on a radial defect surrounded by Bragg reflectors, is studied in detail. Simple rules for the design and analysis of such structures are derived using a transfer matrix formalism. Unlike conventional ring resonators, annular Bragg resonators (ABR) are not limited by the total internal reflection condition and can exhibit both large free spectral ranges and low bend losses. The Bragg reflection mechanism enables the confinement of light within a defect consisting of a low refractive index medium (such as air). Strong atom-photon interaction can be achieved in such a structure, making it a promising candidate for sensing and cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. For sensing applications, we show that the ABR structure can possess significantly higher sensitivity when compared to a conventional ring resonator sensor. Lasing action and low threshold levels are demonstrated in ABR lasers at telecommunication wavelengths under pulsed optical pumping at room temperatures. The impact of the intensity and dimensions of the pump spot on the emitted spectrum is studied in detail.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2005.845614

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A novel class of circular resonators, based on a radial defect surrounded by Bragg reflectors, is studied in detail. Simple rules for the design and analysis of such structures are derived using a transfer matrix formalism. Unlike conventional ring resonators, annular Bragg resonators (ABR) are not limited by the total internal reflection condition and can exhibit both large free spectral ranges and low bend losses. The Bragg reflection mechanism enables the confinement of light within a defect consisting of a low refractive index medium (such as air). Strong atom-photon interaction can be achieved in such a structure, making it a promising candidate for sensing and cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. For sensing applications, we show that the ABR structure can possess significantly higher sensitivity when compared to a conventional ring resonator sensor. Lasing action and low threshold levels are demonstrated in ABR lasers at telecommunication wavelengths under pulsed optical pumping at room temperatures. The impact of the intensity and dimensions of the pump spot on the emitted spectrum is studied in detail.
We formulated an analytical model and analyzed the modification of spontaneous emission in Bragg onion resonators. We consider both the case of a single light emitter and a uniformly distributed ensemble of light emitters within the resonator. We obtain an expression for the average radiation rate of the light emitters ensemble and discuss the modification of the average radiation rate as a function of cavity parameters such as the core radius, the number of Bragg cladding layers, the index contrast of the Bragg cladding, and the refractive index of surrounding medium. We also consider the possibility of non-exponential decay of the light emitter ensemble due to the strong dependence of spontaneous emission on the location and polarization of individual light emitter. We conclude that Bragg onion resonators can both enhance and inhibit spontaneous emission by several orders of magnitude. This property can have significant impact in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
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Features of Raman gain of probe radiation in three-level atoms placed in a defect of a one-dimensional photonic crystal in the presence of laser radiation (pump) at an adjacent high-frequency transition have been theoretically investigated. It has been shown that there is a pump intensity range where narrow peaks (resonances) simultaneously appear in the transmission and reflection spectra of the probe field. Beyond this region, the peak in the transmission spectrum is transformed to a narrow dip. The spectral position of these peaks is determined by the Raman resonance and the transmittance and reflectance can be larger than unity at pump intensities from several microwatts per square centimeter to several tens of milliwatts per square centimeter. The nature of narrow peaks is due to a sharp dispersion of a nonlinear refractive index near the Raman resonance; this dispersion is responsible for a strong decrease in the group velocity of probe radiation. The proposed scheme makes it possible to obtain controlled ultranarrow resonances in the transmission and reflection spectra of the photonic crystal.
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